对阿伦特批判的再批判:马克思劳动理论的存在论辩护  

A Critique of Arendt s Critique:An Ontological Defense of Marx s Labor Theory

作　　者：陈漠[1] 陈艳波[2] CHEN Mo;CHEN Yanbo

机构地区：[1]贵州大学哲学学院,550025 [2]贵州大学贵州省中国共产党人“心学”与推进党的建设新的伟大工程高端智库,550025

出　　处：《国外社会科学前沿》2023年第4期61-73,共13页JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL SOCIAL SCIENCES

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“赫尔德对康德哲学之批判的系统研究”(20BZX089);贵州省研究生科研基金项目[YJSKYJJ(2021)072]的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：马克思的劳动理论是其哲学的核心组成部分。阿伦特对马克思的劳动理论进行了批判性解读,在把马克思劳动理论定位为近代劳动理论的逻辑顶点的同时,认为马克思主张的劳动解放会导致人类完全屈从于生物必然性,从而沦为劳动动物。阿伦特曲解了马克思的劳动理论,忽视了其中的现代意蕴和革命性。从现代哲学的存在论视角来看,马克思理解的劳动是人和世界得以存在的关联活动,劳动构建人与世界的存在关系,确证人与世界感性、现实的生成和存在,为人的自由提供可能性条件和途径。正因为马克思理解的劳动具有存在论的意义,才使其成为能够实现人的人性和生命本质的现实活动和自由活动。Marx's labor theory is the core part of his philosophy.Arendt positioned Marx's labor theory as the logical culmination of modern labor theory,and believed that the labor liberation advocated by Marx would cause human beings to completely succumb to biological necessity and thus become animal laborans.Arendt misinterpreted Marx's labor theory and ignored its modern implication and revolutionary character.From the perspective of modern philosophy's ontology,Marx understood that labor is a related activity in which man and the world can exist.Labor constructs the existence relation between man and the world,confirms the generation and existence of sensibility and reality between man and the world,and provides possible conditions and ways for man's freedom.It is precisely because of the ontological significance of Marx's understanding of labor that it becomes a realistic and free activity that can realize human nature and life essence.

关 键 词：马克思劳动理论 阿伦特 存在论 劳动动物 自由的人 

分 类 号：A81[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]