邵雍内圣外王之学的道学旨趣  

The Neo-Confucianists Character of Shao Yong's Teachings on Inward Sageliness and Outward Kingliness

作　　者：朱汉民[1,2] Zhu Hanmin

机构地区：[1]湖南大学 [2]国际儒学联合会

出　　处：《中国文化研究》2023年第1期58-66,共9页Chinese Culture Research

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“宋学源流”(19ZDA028)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：邵雍与陈抟等道士之间有密切学术授受关系,但是他一生追求的精神境界与学术创造,恰恰表达出宋儒建构道学的思想目标和学术旨趣,所以道学家总是强调邵雍自创了百源学统。邵雍的“观物”之学既是究天人之际的内圣工夫,也是天人一体的内圣境界。邵雍的《皇极经世》是一部为君主探寻治道之书,但不是富国强兵的政制谋略,而是将君主的国家治理原则与宇宙法则统一起来的政治哲学。邵雍的观物之学与《皇极经世书》,均是依据“大中至正之道”的宇宙本体,可见其内圣之学与外王之学的终极依据完全是统一的。邵雍独特的内圣外王之学,使得后世的道学史撰写总是希望将其纳入到正统儒学的道统谱系中来。Despite his having had a clear relationship of scholarly inheritance from Chen Tuan and other such Daoist figures,the intellectual creativity and spiritual pursuits exhibited by Shao Yong across his lifetime had a characteristically Song Confucianists orientation and flavour,particularly with respect to his attempt to construct a type of daoxue(Learning of the Way)thought.As such,many daoxue thinkers emphasized the highly eclectic character of the scholarly lineaged his institute.Shao Yong's thought was sometimes also labelled as the school of"Observing Things",whose connotation was both a gongfu of inward sageliness which traversed both the boundary of the Heavenly and the human,and a realm of inner sageliness where in the Heavenly and the human were united as one.Shao Yong's Supreme World-Ordering Principles was a work which purports to explore governance strategies on behalf of the ruler,but in contrast with many political strategic treatises focused on enriching the nation and empowering its military,this was a work of political philosophy which seeks to unify the ruler's principles of governance with cosmological principles.Given that Shao Yong was unable to satisfy many of the various demands of government in practice,his works were characteristically weighted more towards inward sageliness than outward kingliness.This unique character of Shao Yong's teachings on inward sageliness and outer kingliness resulted in future generations of historians of daoxue which wishes to position him in a genealogy of orthodox Confucianism.

关 键 词：邵雍 内圣外王之学 《皇极经世》 观物 

分 类 号：B244[哲学宗教—中国哲学]