“多”“少”作定语的受限性——认知动因及句法弥补  

Limits of Adjectives“Duo”and“Shao”as Attributive:Cognitive Motivation and Syntactic Remedies

作　　者：陈满华[1] CHEN Man-hua(School of Liberal Arts,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学文学院,北京100872

出　　处：《汉语学习》2023年第2期3-12,共10页Chinese Language Learning

摘　　要：“多”“少”作定语时呈现出不同程度的受限性:“多”修饰名词基本不自由,受到诸多条件限制,除了个别特殊情况,“少”不能作定语。“多”是准非定形容词,“少”是典型的非定形容词。距离象似原则能较好地解释这一现象。“多”“少”尽管作定语很受限制,但其句法功能仍然强大。“多”“少”作谓语、状语、补语的三种主要句法功能在某种意义上是其定语受限性的“句法弥补”。“句法弥补”既是语言本身的一种现象,也可以是语言学习和运用的一种策略,对于二语习得中的偏误分析和句法纠错具有积极意义。As attributive,the adjectives“duo”and“shao”are limited,non-free.Usually it is not free for“duo”to modify a nominal form and there are lots of restrictions imposed on the attributive function of“duo”,and with few exceptions,“shao”cannot act as an attributive.“Duo”is a quasi-non-attributive adjective and“shao”is a typical non-attributive adjective.Distance iconicity principle can account for this phenomenon.Although the function of being the attributive is limited,as whole their grammatical functions are still strong.The major three functions(as predicate,adverbial and complement)of adjectives“duo”and“shao”is,to some extent,the remedies to the functional limits of the two adjectives as attributive.Syntactic remedy is both a phenomenon of language proper and a strategy for language acquisition and use.It can play a significant role in analysis and correction of grammatical errors in L2 acquisition.

关 键 词：“多/少” 定语 受限 距离象似性 句法弥补 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语]