条件句的组合性  

The Compositionality of Conditionals

作　　者：霍书全[1] Shuquan Huo(School of Philosophy and Public Management,Henan University)

机构地区：[1]河南大学哲学与公共管理学院

出　　处：《逻辑学研究》2023年第2期33-48,共16页Studies in Logic

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“面向自然语言理解的逻辑构建和符号接地问题的哲学、心理学研究”(18ZDA032)。

摘　　要：哲学家认为一种语言必须符合组合原则才能为人所掌握。为了证明这一结论,语言学家希金博瑟姆(J.Higginbotham)仔细检视了自然语言量化条件句是否符合组合性的问题。他通过论证认为,量化条件句要保持组合性必须满足两个假定:前件反事实不相干于后件,条件句排中律。但是他不能为这两个假定提供可靠的基础,因此认为量化条件句是否符合组合性仍是一个问题。然而,希金博瑟姆的论证尽管有其价值却包含了错误。本文将对希金博瑟姆的论证给以纠正,并认为自然语言条件句是充满歧义和模糊的,必须通过释义的方式才可以使它符合组合性。在一定条件下自然语言条件句可以符合组合性,这是由于语义先于语法决定的。Philosophers believe that a language must conform to the composition principle in order to be mastered.In order to prove this conclusion,linguist James Higginbotham carefully examine the question of whether natural language quantitative conditional sentences conform to compositionality.James Higginbotham thought that the quantified conditionals of natural language must satisfy two presuppositions in order to conform to compositionality:The antecedent being counterfactually irrelevant to the consequent;satisfying the law of Conditional Excluded Middle.But these two conditions have no sound basis,thus the question of whether quantified conditional sentences conform to the principle of compositionality is a real problem.However,Higginbotham’s argument,despite its merits,contains errors.This paper will correct Higginbotham’s argument,and argue that natural language conditional sentences are full of ambiguity and ambiguity,and must be paraphrased to make them conform to compositionality.Under certain conditions,natural language conditional sentences can be compounded,because the semantics are determined before the grammar.

关 键 词：希金博瑟姆 条件句 组合原则 斯塔尔纳克 条件句排中律 

分 类 号：B81[哲学宗教—逻辑学]