经分今古与立学官私——常州学派构筑“今古文学”观的两条路径  

Contemporary or Historical Classics and Official or Private Schools:Two Paths to Constructing the“Contemporary and Historical Classics”Views by Changzhou School

作　　者：贝承熙 Bei Chengxi

机构地区：[1]清华大学历史系 [2]清华大学中国经学研究院

出　　处：《常州大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第2期105-116,共12页Journal of Changzhou University:Social Science Edition

摘　　要：清代常州学派中,最早重视“今古文学之争”这一事件的是刘逢禄、宋翔凤二人。他们分别从“今古文经之别”与“官私之别”两个角度,构筑了两种理解汉代“今古文学之争”事件的路线。刘逢禄指出,汉代经学史是围绕着今古文经之争展开的,其中古文经是古文学家为了批驳今文经而篡改的史学著作,而真正传承孔子之意的唯有今文经学。宋翔凤则以另一路径建构今古文学,认为二者出于官私之别,官私的背景令二者分别取法孔子与周公,而由于汉代所有经学均有官私之分,“今古文学”就成为可以解释两汉所有经学争议的重要框架。这两条路径分别奠定了后世对“今古文学”的基本认识,晚清学者所强调的今古文经文字之别、真伪之别、经史之别、官私之别、周孔之别,均发于刘、宋二人之滥觞。During the Qing Dynasty,Liu Fenglu and Song Xiangfeng from the Changzhou School were the first to pay attention to the controversies of“contemporary or historical classics”and“official or private”.They constructed two different routes to understand the event of“the controversy of contemporary or historical classics”in the Han Dynasty from the perspectives of the“difference between contemporary and historical classics”and the“difference between official and private”.Liu Fenglu pointed out that the history of Confucian classics in the Han Dynasty revolved around the controversy of contemporary or historical classics,and the historical classics were falsified works by historical classics scholars in order to criticize the contemporary classics,only the contemporary classics truly inherited the teachings of Confucius.Song Xiangfeng,on the other hand,constructed the contemporary and historical classics view from a different perspective,arguing that the two were differentiated by official and private backgrounds,which caused them to draw inspiration respectively from Confucius and Zhou Gong.Since all the Confucian classics in the Han Dynasty were divided into official and private,“contemporary and historical classics”became an important framework to explain all the Confucian classics controversies in the Western Han and Eastern Han Dynasties.These two paths established the basic understanding of“contemporary and historical classics”in later generations,including the differences in scrips,authenticity,the difference between classics and history,official and private,and Confucius and Zhou Gong which were emphasized by scholars in the late Qing Dynasty,all of which originated from Liu Fenglu and Song Xiangfeng's ideas.

关 键 词：今古文学 常州学派 刘逢禄 宋翔凤 

分 类 号：B249.9[哲学宗教—中国哲学] B25