文学阐释学的语言陷阱与汉字思维——论“Ontologie”的词源学系谱及诠释学的署名权  

The Language Trap of Literary Hermeneutics and Chinese Character Thinking:On the Etymological Genealogy of“Ontologie”and the Signature Right of Hermeneutics

作　　者：杨乃乔 Yang Naiqiao(College of Foreign Languages,Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou 350007,China)

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学外国语学院,福州350007

出　　处：《复旦学报（社会科学版）》2023年第2期36-53,共18页Fudan Journal（Social Sciences）

摘　　要：中国学界把总括海德格尔与伽达默尔之哲学思想的“ontologische Hermeneutik”翻译为“存在论诠释学”或“本体论诠释学”,其必然在汉语字面意义的阅读上构成误读的语言陷阱。事实上,西方诠释学源语理论被翻译为汉语译入语后,其中隐藏着多种不可通约的语言陷阱。在西方诠释学发展史上,拉丁文“Ontologia”是德意志学者路哈特于1597年至1606年之间“coined”(创制/杜撰)的一个崭新术语,其产生得相当晚。在印欧语系词源及其意义逻辑的追溯中,我们清理与分析“Ontologia”和“Metaphysica”的共同本质属性,是为了提示研究者们:海德格尔的诠释学在其解构与重构的形而上学的逻辑之间,存在着一脉通贯历史的概念结构及词源系谱,即诠释学与形而上学、存在论或本体论在学理的概念结构逻辑上是一脉相承的,前端是以巴门尼德的“Sein”为起始,后端是以海德格尔的“Dasein”为终结。我们通释这一词源系谱,更是为了拨开遮蔽于中国学界诠释学研究的误读性迷思。“Ontologische Hermeneutik,”which summarizes the philosophical ideas of Martin Heidegger and Hans-Georg Gadamer,is translated into“存在论诠释学”or“本体论诠释学”in Chinese academia.This has inevitably led to a language trap triggered by misreading which is resulted from the literal meaning of Chinese characters.In fact,the theories of western hermeneutics in source languages are translated into the target language of Chinese,in which varieties of incommensurable language traps hide invisibly.In the history of western hermeneutics,“Ontologia”(in Latin)is a new term“coined”by the German scholar Jacob Lorhard between 1597 and 1606.Its generation was quite late.It is for reminding the researchers who are devoted to literary theory,literary hermeneutics and imposed interpretation theory that we discuss and analyze the common nature of“Ontologia”and“Metaphysica”(in Latin)by getting through the retrospection of the meanings within the Indo-European etymology,and in this way our purpose is to suggest them that in Heidegger's hermeneutics,there is a conceptual structure and etymological genealogy throughout the western history in between his strategies of deconstructing and reconstructing metaphysics,which means that hermeneutics,metaphysics and ontology share the same academic logic of the conceptual structure covered by the“Sein”of Parmenides in the beginning and the“Dasein”of Heidegger in the ending.We thoroughly interpret the etymological genealogy as to correct the misreading in hermeneutical studies of Chinese academia.

关 键 词：“ontologische Hermeneutik” 诠释学 语言陷阱 文学阐释学 公共性误读 诠释学的署名权 

分 类 号：I0-03[文学—文学理论]