生命伦理学中原则主义的局限、批判与反思  

Limitations, Critique and Reflection on Principlism in Bioethics

作　　者：武元婧 夏天成 WU Yuan-jing;XIA Tian-cheng(School of Marxism,Xinjiang Medical University,Urumqi 830011,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆医科大学马克思主义学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830011 [2]新疆大学马克思主义学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830000 [3]安徽大学哲学学院,安徽合肥230029

出　　处：《医学与哲学》2023年第6期7-11,共5页Medicine and Philosophy

基　　金：2021年安徽省高校优秀青年人才支持计划重点项目(gxyqZD2021002);2021年安徽省高校人文社会科学研究重大项目(SK2021ZD0005);2022年新疆维吾尔自治区重点马院课题(ZDMY22-07);2021年新疆维吾尔自治区“万霞名师工作室”培育基金项目。

摘　　要：原则主义是生命伦理学领域最具影响力的理论,但它不是一个通用的工具,而是需要因文化而异。它的核心设计是共同道德和反思平衡,前者旨在保证原则的普遍适用性,后者则旨在保证各个原则在具体应用时不至于冲突,两个方面共同保证了原则主义作为一种中间原理的实用性特点。然而,原则主义并没有澄清共同道德在描述性和规范性方面的普遍性依据,也没有解释清楚如何在原则发生冲突时形成反思平衡。批判原则主义并不是对它的彻底否定,而是旨在通过考察其局限性与优点,在结合有益的批判观点及德性伦理学的反思基础上,发展一种特定文化版本的原则主义。Principlism is the most influential theory in the field of bioethics,but it is not a universal tool,it varies due to cultural differences.The core designs of principlism are common morality and reflective equilibrium.The former aims to ensure universal applicability,while the latter aims to ensure that principles do not conflict in specific applications.Together,these two aspects jointly guarantee the practicality of principlism as an intermediate principle.However,principalism does not clarify the universal basis for the descriptive and normative aspects of common morality,nor does it explain how to achieve reflective equilibrium when principles conflict.The critique of principlism is not a complete rejection of it,but aims to develop a culturally specific version of principlism by examining its limitations and advantages,and combining useful critical perspectives with reflections on virtue ethics.

关 键 词：原则主义 生命伦理学 共同道德 反思平衡 德性伦理学 

分 类 号：R-05[医药卫生]