剖析全国化学奥林匹克竞赛有机化学模块中学生的几点疑惑  

Analyzing Some Doubts About Organic Chemistry Module of National ChemistryOlympiad for Students

作　　者：倪珏宸 李金华 NI Jue-Chen;LI Jin-Hua(MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization,Department of Polymer Science and Engineering,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310027,China;Tianjin No.1High School,Tianjin 300051,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学高分子科学与工程学系、大分子合成与功能构造教育部重点实验室,浙江杭州310027 [2]天津市第一中学,天津300051

出　　处：《化学教育（中英文）》2023年第9期125-128,共4页Chinese Journal of Chemical Education

摘　　要：针对高中生学习化学奥林匹克竞赛有机化学模块中的几点普遍问题进行剖析。结合历年竞赛真题讲解了甲基是否具有空间位阻、氧正离子中间体是否稳定、中间体和过渡态的区别、五元环和七元环哪个更容易开环、1-氯二环[2.2.1]庚烷和1-氯二环[2.2.2]辛烷哪个容易发生取代反应这5个问题。强调竞赛中有机模块的本质是考查对于基础知识的灵活运用,考生需要在学习过程中夯实基础知识,在此基础上提高思维能力,才能取得理想成绩。Some common problems in the organic chemistry module of the Olympiad chemistry competition for senior high school students are analyzed.Combining the test questions of the National Chemistry Olympiad,this paper explaines five questions:whether the methyl group has steric hindrance,whether the oxygen cation intermediate is stable,the difference between intermediates and transition states,which is easier to open a five-membered ring or a seven-membered ring,and 1-chlorobicyclo[2.2.1]heptane and 1-chlorobicyclo[2.2.2]octane which is prone to substitution reaction.It is emphasized that the essence of organic modules in the competition is the flexible application of basic knowledge.In order to achieve ideal results,candidates need to consolidate basic knowledge in the learning process and improve their thinking ability.

关 键 词：化学竞赛 空间位阻 中间体 基础知识 

分 类 号：G633.8[文化科学—教育学]