“曼德维尔悖论”中公共理性何以可能的三个重要前提——兼论其在伦理学发展史的理论意义及自身局限  

Three Important Premises for the Possibility of Public Rationality in the"Mandeville Paradox"--on its theoretical significance and limitations in the history of ethics

作　　者：王道林 WANG Daolin(School of Marxism,Liaoning Normal University,Dalian Liaoning 116000,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁师范大学马克思主义学院,辽宁大连116000

出　　处：《上饶师范学院学报》2023年第1期33-39,108,共8页Journal of Shangrao Normal University

摘　　要：“曼德维尔悖论”尽管在形式逻辑上存在难以调和的矛盾,但从感性的“私恶”出发论证公共理性产生的独到视角,使其在近代伦理学发展史上有着独特的转折性地位.通过对私恶与道德、经济、政治之间关系的探讨,从道德实践的动机、现实物质基础与效果三个维度理解公共理性何以可能的问题,可以形成对“曼德维尔悖论”的批判性认识.在理论上,“曼德维尔悖论”使近代伦理学研究开始关注到情感因素的重要作用,为英国功利主义哲学的发展提供了重要的问题导向,化解了动机论与结果论的片面性,为解决动机与效果间的一致性问题提供了方案.但该理论本身也带有强烈的浪漫主义色彩,阶级的局限使曼德维尔将恶的产生仅仅归结到人性,并寄希望于“优秀政治家”的善良意志,因而无法像马克思那般深入到历史本质性维度发现“资本逻辑”的影响并提出变革不合理社会制度的设想.Despite the irreconcilable contradictions in formal logic,"Mandevilles paradox"is a unique perspective that argues for the emergence of public rationality from the"private evil"of sensibility,making it a unique turning point in the history of modern ethics.This paper,through the discussion of the relationship between private evil and morali-ty,economy and politics,understands the problem of how public rationality is possible in the three dimensions of mo-tivation,actual material basis and effect of moral practice,which may form a critical understanding of the"Mandev-ille paradox".Theoretically,"Mandeville's paradox"has brought the attention of modern ethical studies to the impor-tant role of emotional factors,provided an important problem orientation for the development of British utilitarian philosophy,resolved the one-sidedness of motivation and consequence theories,and provided a solution to the prob-lem of consistency between motivation and effect.But the theory itself is also strongly romanticized,and the limita-tions of class make it attribute the creation of evil to human nature alone and hope for the good will of"good politi-cians",so it cannot go deeper into the essential dimension of history to discover the influence of the"logie of capital"and put forward the idea of changing the unreasonable social system as Marx did.

关 键 词：私恶 公利 公共理性 曼德维尔悖论 现代性 

分 类 号：B82-06[哲学宗教—伦理学]