东亚地区早期佛教寺院布局及演变  

EARLY BUDDHIST MONASTERY LAYOUT AND EVOLUTION IN EAST ASIA

作　　者：何利群[1] He Liqun

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院考古研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《考古学报》2023年第2期191-214,共24页Acta Archaeologica Sinica

基　　金：国家社科基金“中国中古国家大寺及其对东亚地区的影响”(项目批准号:19VJX069)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：目次一东亚地区佛教寺院的考古发现二东亚地区佛教寺院的主要类型及其阶段划分三相关问题探讨五世纪之后,东亚各国的文化交流日渐频繁,在中国内地敷扬甚广的佛教通过多途径传播至朝鲜半岛,并经由百济影响到日本列岛。寺院作为佛教僧侣从事法事活动和日常修行的场所,伴随着佛教的流传,在各地先后建立起来。由于历史、环境及人文诸多原因,朝鲜半岛和日本现存许多五至八世纪的佛教寺院,有关佛寺的探讨不断推陈出新。而作为东亚佛教寺院源头的中国,唐代以前的地面寺院均湮没于地下,因此相关研究进展甚缓。近年随着田野考古工作的发展,中国发现和发掘了数座北朝至唐代的佛教寺院,一些早年的调查发掘资料也陆续发表出来,从而为我们进一步研究中国中古时期的佛教寺院建筑结构与布局、建筑工艺与技术以及建设理念与功能提供了重要依据,同时也为探讨东亚地区中古时期佛教文化交流与建筑艺术的传布开拓出新的研究领域。Around the fifth century CE,the architectural style of Buddhist monasteries in China was introduced into the Korean Peninsula,and it influenced Japan through Baekje in the late sixth century CE.In the next hundreds of years,the layout of monasteries in the Korean Peninsula and Japan became increasingly diversified and witnessed certain regional characteristics.However,most of these prototypes originated in China's Mainland.In comparison to the classification of the excavated Buddhist monasteries in northern China,the Korean Peninsula,and Japan,and with a focus on the evolution of the temporal and spatial relationship among the pagodas,halls,courtyards,this paper proposes to divide the layout patterns of Buddhist monasteries in East Asia from the fifth to the eighth century CE into nine types and three major stages.It analyzes the communication and dissemination in different periods,regions,and types of monasteries,with a focus on the transmission route of the"central pagoda and one hall in the rear"layout in China,the origin of the"one pagoda and three golden halls"layout in Goguryeo kingdom,the regional characteristics of"Horyuji style"layout in Japan,and the origin and significance of the"twin pagodas"layout in the Unified Silla and Japan.To take the East Asian Buddhist monasteries from the fifth to eighth century into account,in general,the pattern of transmission eastward remains largely clear:in spite of certain local characteristics of architectural forms in each of the stages,China remained the source of style.Then,considering the interaction between space and its function,we conclude that the layout of early Buddhist monasteries in East Asia developed from pagoda-centered to hall-centered and from single-courtyard to multi-courtyard.This process is closely related to the establishment and improvement of the ancient Chinese capital planning and lifang walled ward systems,the development of Buddhist thought and the changes in the notions of worship,as well as the frequent Buddhist cultural exchanges among E

关 键 词：早期佛教 佛教僧侣 佛教寺院 佛教文化交流 日本列岛 朝鲜半岛 唐代以前 中古时期 

分 类 号：K878.6[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] K28[历史地理—历史学] K883.12K883.13