美国儿童福利发展的历史变化及其对我国的启示  

The Historical Changes of American Child Welfare and the Enlightenments to China

作　　者：刘晓红[1] 周颖 李少同 张丽君 刘铠钰 LIU Xiaohong;ZHOU Ying;LI Shaotong;ZHANG Lijun;LIU Kaiyu(Faculty of Education,Henan Normal University,Xinxiang 453007 China;School of Law,South Central Minzu University,Wuhan 430074 China;School of Education Science,Henan Vocational University of Science and Technology,Zhoukou 453003 China)

机构地区：[1]河南师范大学教育学部,新乡453007 [2]中南民族大学法学院,武汉430074 [3]河南科技职业大学教育科学学院,周口453003

出　　处：《学前教育研究》2023年第5期1-9,共9页Studies in Early Childhood Education

基　　金：河南省高等学校哲学社会科学基础研究重大项目“中美残疾幼儿融合教育社会支持比较研究--以加州和河南省为例”(编号:2018-JCZD);河南省教育科学“十四五”规划2021年度重大招标课题(编号:2021JKZB06);河南省哲学社会科学研究项目(编号:2019BJY011)。

摘　　要：从历史发展的角度看,美国儿童福利对象经历了从家庭受虐儿童到残疾儿童再到处境不利儿童以及每一位儿童的转变;责任主体经历了从民间团体到政府的转变,政府主要通过立法确保福利政策实施;福利手段经历了从以经济援助为主到重视教育支持的转变;福利方式与理念经历了从隔离到融合再到全纳的转变。美国的儿童融合教育正是在其儿童福利政策的支持下得到了大力发展,我国今后也应把儿童教育纳入到儿童福利中,通过政府切实承担和落实相关的主体责任,在“大融合”的全纳理念下实现儿童福利从对弱势群体的救助到关注普惠的受教育权的转变,以保证所有儿童享有平等的教育机会、过程与结果。American child welfare has made great progresses historically.Its object has been expanded from family abused children to disabled children to disadvantaged children and every child.The main body of child welfare has transferred from the private to the government for whom legislation has been the most important approach to implement child welfare policy.The focus of child welfare has changed from financial aid to education services whose philosophy has been from separation to integration to inclusiveness.These historical changes mean that inclusive education for every child should be part of child welfare for the right on education is the greatest benefit to children.Chinese government should take the responsibility to develop child welfare and inclusive education,of which the ultimate form can only be universal education for all children.

关 键 词：儿童福利 融合教育 全纳教育 受教育权 

分 类 号：D771.2[政治法律—政治学] G619.712[政治法律—中外政治制度]