琼海话“去”的多功能用法及其语法化——兼及对语法复制理论的思考  

The Multifunctionality and Grammaticalization of Qu(去)in Qionghai Dialect:Reflectionon Grammatical Replication

作　　者：杨望龙 史文磊[1] YANG Wanglong;SHI Wenlei

机构地区：[1]浙江大学汉语史研究中心,杭州310058

出　　处：《语言学论丛》2022年第3期92-110,共19页Essays on Linguistics

基　　金：浙江省哲学社会科学领军人才培育课题(21YJRC04ZD);国家社科基金青年项目(14CCY034);中国博士后科学基金会第68批面上资助(2020M681814);教育部基地重大项目(16JD740015)。

摘　　要：琼海话中“去”有三种读音:(i)作谓语动词与补语念阴去调hu^(212)或高升调hu^(45);(ii)作介词念高升调hu^(45);(ii)作助词念阴平调hu^(34)。介词读高升调,是连读变调与语法化共同促成的结果;助词读阴平调,是助词用法继承自早期共同闽南语的结果。海南闽语的“去”很可能受到了临高语同义语素的影响,源自前往义的“趋向动词(>趋向补语)>终点标记>受益标记”涉及语言接触引发的直接语法化;源自离开义的“趋向动词(>趋向补语)>结果补语>动相补语>完整体助词强调事态助词”涉及语法结构重组之后再度发生的调适语法化。本案对接触引发的语法演变研究提出三点补充:(i)接触引发的语法演变会导致一个词用不同的语音形式标记不同的句法功能;(i)接触引发的语法化应当进一步分为直接语法化与调适语法化;(i)接触引发的语法化与语法结构重组可以相互作用,接续发生。The multifunctional morpheme qu has three phonetic forms with different syntactic functions in Qionghai dialect.When pronounced as[hu^(212)](with yinqu阴去tone)and[hu^(45)](with gaosheng高升tone),it serves as a verb or a complement;when pronounced as[hu^(45)],it is used as a preposition;when pronounced as[hu^(34)](with yinping阴平tone),it serves as a particle.The high-rise tone of the preposition resulted from an evolution involving tone sandhi and grammaticalization;while the yinping tone of the particle was inherited from Proto-Southern-Min.Qu in Hainan-Min probably has been through grammaticalization induced by contact with the language of Ong Be.With the meaning'go',qu went through a grammatical path of directional verb(>directional complement)>terminative marker>dative marker,which can involve contact-induced immediate grammaticalization.On the other hand,with the meaning'leave',qu went through another grammatical path of directional verb(>directional complement)>result complement>phase complement>perfective marker>emphasizer,which can involve contact-induced adaptive grammaticalization that occurred after the restructuring had completed.The case study of qu in Qionghai dialect shows three additional characteristics of contact-induced grammatical change:(i)contact-induced grammaticalization can result in a morpheme developing different phonetic forms with different functions;(i)contact-induced grammaticalization should be divided into immediate grammaticalization and adaptive grammaticalization;(i)contact-induced grammaticalization and restructuring can interact with each other.

关 键 词：闽语 琼海话 临高语 去 语言接触 语法化 

分 类 号：H177.2[语言文字—汉语]