孔子制宪:康有为儒学普遍主义下的立宪观  

Confucius'Constitution:The View of Constitutionalism under Kang Youwei's Universalism of Confucianism

作　　者：栾兆星 Luan Zhaoxing

机构地区：[1]浙江大学光华法学院

出　　处：《南大法学》2023年第3期153-171,共19页NanJing University Law Journal

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“中国传统法理的创造性转化与创新性发展研究”(22CFX052)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：面对西方文明的冲击,康有为重构中国文明的自主性,力图保持儒学在政教中的普适地位。在处理儒学与立宪的关系时,康有为认为孔子作《春秋》立宪法,且与西方宪法相较,作为宪法的《春秋》在时空上具备普遍性。进而,康有为通过诠释儒学经典,以《春秋》公羊三世为普遍规范,将立宪政体融入儒学之中,以此为变法改制的步骤和方略提供理论依据。他还通过阐发儒学经典中的微言大义,寻求人人自主、自立、平等的立宪原理,对传统儒学中的君民关系、君臣关系做了创造性的现代转化。康有为贯通古今、融合中西而形成的“孔子制宪说”虽无法凝聚世人的立宪共识,但展现了传统、现代与未来之间的连续性,诠释了工具理性与价值理性的统一性,并提供了儒家立宪的一种可能性。Facing the impact of Western civilization,Kang Youwei reconstructed the subjectivity of Chinese civilization and tried to maintain the universal status of Confucianism in politics and enlightenment.When dealing with the relationship between Confucianism and constitutionalism,Kang Youwei believed that Confucius wrote the Spring and Autumn Annals to make a constitution,and compared with Western constitutions,the Spring and Autumn Annals as a constitution is universal in time and space.By interpreting the Confucian classics,Kang Youwei took Gongyang Sanshi as the universal norm,and integrated the constitutional government into Confucianism,in order to provide a theoretical basis for the steps and strategies of the system reform.He also made a creative modern transformation of the relationship between the monarch and the people and the relationship between the monarch and the minister in traditional Confucianism by elucidating the Weiyan Dayi in the Confucian classics and seeking the constitutional principle of independence,selfreliance and equality for everyone.Although Kang Youwei's theory of“Confucius'Constitution”formed by integrating ancient and modern and integrating China and the West cannot build the constitutional consensus of the world,it shows the continuity between tradition,modernity and future,interprets the unity of instrumental rationality and value rationality,and provides a possibility for Confucian constitutionalism.

关 键 词：康有为 儒学普遍主义 《春秋》 立宪政体 立宪原理 

分 类 号：B258[哲学宗教—中国哲学] K25[历史地理—历史学] D909.2[历史地理—中国史]