数据驱动、循证改进与责任共担:数字治理时代教育问责的国际经验与本土启示  

Data-driven,Evidence-based Improvement and Shared Responsibility:International Experience and Local Insights on Accountability in Education in the Era of Digital Governance

作　　者：高文心 胡玥 GAO Wen-xin;HU Yue(Faculty of Education,East China Normal University,Shanghai,200062,PRC)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学教育学部,上海200062

出　　处：《当代教育与文化》2023年第3期55-62,共8页Contemporary Education and Culture

基　　金：华东师范大学教育学部第八届大学生科研基金项目。

摘　　要：世界各国普遍采取“数字治理”的形式应对教育危机。其中,“数据驱动”的教育问责作为一项促进教育质量改进的关键策略,受到广泛关注。为保障问责实践的有效性,以美国为主的西方国家在政策话语中开始强调教育数据的公众监管与质量保障,并逐渐形成了包含学校、政府、评估机构和社会公众的圈层结构,致力于实现提升学校效能的终极目标。梳理美国、澳大利亚、新加坡等国的教育问责实践脉络,发现问责虽由“数据”主导,但数据本身却呈现出不同时期的指向差异。具体而言,基于考试成绩的官僚问责是一种由来已久的行动,聚焦教师质量的专业问责被誉为更持久的战略,而应用数据平台的技术问责和来自社会公众的舆论问责则是当今数字时代的主流形式,借助精准评价与虚拟的无组织力量影响问责成效。结合本土教育发展需要,提出构建责任共担的问责网络、加强数据应用的法制建设、开展提升公信力的元评估和增强教师韧性等问责的实施建议。Countries around the world generally adopt the form of“digital governance”to address the education crisis.And“data-driven”education accountability has received much attention as a key strategy of quality promotion in education.To ensure the effectiveness of accountability practices,western countries,mainly the United States,have begun to emphasize public supervision and quality assurance of education data in their policy discourse,and have gradually formed a circle structure composed of schools,governments,evaluation agencies and the public,committed to achieving the ultimate goal of improving school efficiency.A review of the education accountability practices in the United States,Australia,Singapore and other countries reveals that while accountability is dominated by“data”,the data itself has shown different directions at different times.Specifically,bureaucratic accountability based on test scores is a long-established practice;professional accountability focusing on teacher quality is touted as a more sustainable strategy;while technical accountability using data platforms and public opinion accountability from the public are the dominant forms of accountability in today s digital age,drawing on accurate evaluation and the virtual power of the unorganised to influence accountability effectiveness.Taking into account the situation of China s education reform and development,this paper proposes such strategies as promoting the construction of an accountability network with shared responsibility,strengthening the legal system of data application,conducting meta-evaluation to enhance credibility,and strengthening teachers resilience.

关 键 词：教育问责 数字治理 数据驱动 循证改进 教师质量 

分 类 号：G40-057[文化科学—教育学原理]