形义错配的系表句:基于关联的解释  

Form-Meaning Mismatched Copular Constructions:A Relevance-Theoretic Account

作　　者：吴义诚[1] 王珲 WU Yicheng;WANG Hui(Zhejiang University)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学

出　　处：《现代外语》2023年第3期306-318,共13页Modern Foreign Languages

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“基于大型语料库的汉语非组构性历时演变与语言演变规律研究”(18ZDA292);国家社科基金规划项目“汉语非组构性表达式的演变研究”(18BYY177)的资助。

摘　　要：人类语言里普遍存在着一类形义错配的系词句,如“她是俩男孩儿”“John is the Washington Post”“僕はウナギだ”(我是鳗鱼饭)。已有研究大多聚焦在句法和语义两个方面,而对认知-语用因素在其产出和理解过程中的作用缺乏深入探讨。基于相关语句的语义异常性和语境依赖性两个特点,本文提出:1)貌似不合逻辑的系词句之所以形态结构简单,是因为这些话语通常会出现在较大的会话语境里;言者受到“语言经济原则”的驱动采用了“概念转喻”这一人类语言里广泛使用且简洁高效的表达方式;2)形义错配系表句的识解本质上是一个基于关联的推导过程,言者的产出和听者的解读皆是“最佳关联”的实现过程。There exists a type of morphosyntactically parsimonious yet semantically anomalous copular constructions across languages.Previous studies place a premium on their syntactic as well as semantic mechanisms.In this study,it is argued that cognitive-pragmatic factors,which have been understudied in existing analyses,play a crucial role in the production and interpretation of the copular constructions under question.Given their salient property of context-dependency,it is then claimed that(1) the seemingly anomalous copular constructions should be construed as instances of conceptual metonymy-a very powerful and efficient mode of expression which is widely employed during the course of verbal communication;and(2) from a relevance-theoretic perspective,both the production and the comprehension of the copular constructions at issue are essentially a relevancebased process of ostensive-inferential communication.

关 键 词：系词 形义错配 语义异常性 语境依赖性 关联 

分 类 号：H030[语言文字—语言学]