基于“核心与高杠杆实践”的美国教师教育改革  

Research on American Teacher Education Reform Based on"Core and High-leverage Practices"

作　　者：洪明[1] 袁笛 HONG Ming;YUAN Di(College of Education,Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou Fujian 350007)

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学教育学院,福建福州350007

出　　处：《比较教育研究》2023年第5期94-102,112,共10页International and Comparative Education

基　　金：国家社会科学基金“十三五”规划2018年度教育学一般课题“美国实践取向教师教育的历史演进研究”(项目编号:BOA180045)

摘　　要：基于“核心与高杠杆实践”的教师教育是21世纪美国教师培养领域崛起的一场改革运动,它要求弥合教育理论与实践、大学与中小学、教学方法课程与见习实习之间的割裂状态,同时也要避免教师教育学徒制有可能出现的缺少理论指导以及系统和规范培训不足的状况。建立基于“核心与高杠杆实践”的教师培养新体系,涉及教师培养中最为基础和核心的问题,包括“核心与高杠杆实践”的基本概念、判定标准、主要模式、实施路径和教学阶段等。这一取向的改革正在美国不少教师教育机构推行,如密歇根大学、斯坦福大学和华盛顿大学等,并得到了美国联邦和州政府的大力支持。它对于寻求教师教育行业内对实践教学核心问题的共同理解和构建教师教育的实践教育学具有重要意义。在复杂的教育实践中,这一取向的改革也遭遇了不少问题,面临着多方面的争议,其发展走向值得进一步关注和探索。Teacher education reform based on"Core and High-leverage Practices"has emerged in the field of American teacher preparation in the 21st century.The movement aims to bridge the gap between educational theory and practice,universities and primary and secondary schools,and teaching methods courses and apprenticeships.This approach is crucial in preventing a lack of theoretical guidance and a lack of systematic and standardized training that can result from teacher education apprenticeships.Establishing a new teacher education system based on"Core and High-leverage Practices"involves addressing the most fundamental issues in teacher preparation,such as basic concepts,criteria,main models,implemetation paths,and teaching stages.This reform movement is being implemented in many teacher education institutions in the United States,including the University of Michigan,Stanford University,and the University of Washington.It has also gained strong support from federal and state governments,and has been instrumental in establishing a common understanding of practical teaching and learning in the teacher education profession and building a pedagogy of practical teacher education.However,this reform orientation has encountered various problems and controversies in the complex environment of teacher education.Its development path warrants further attention and exploration.

关 键 词：核心实践 高杠杆实践 教师教育 

分 类 号：G659.1[文化科学—教育学]