制度德育论的理论来源、实证依据与实践方式  

The Theoretical Sources,Empirical Grounds and Practical Approaches of Institutional Moral Education Theory

作　　者：杜时忠[1] Du Shizhong(School of Education,Institute of Moral Education,Central China Normal University,Wuhan 430079)

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学教育学院、道德教育研究所,湖北武汉430079

出　　处：《华中师范大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2023年第3期160-169,共10页Journal of Central China Normal University:Humanities and Social Sciences

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目“制度德育论的建构研究”(18YJA880016)。

摘　　要：制度德育论有三个理论来源,即历史唯物主义、(有限的)制度决定论和新制度主义,三者的共同点是强调从社会关系和制度结构之中认识人,把握人性和人的本质。多学科的实证研究表明,制度不仅有自己的“思维”,能够代替我们做出重大决定,而且决定我们的思维习惯,形成制度思维,影响和改变我们的行为习惯;制度不仅可能使好人变坏,也可能使坏人变好;制度以制度情境为中介影响乃至决定人的行为,包括道德行为。制度德育论在新时代的实践方式可以概括为社会主义民主就是最好的制度育德,要求学校培养学生的道德—民主能力,以“道德两难故事讨论法”提高学生的道德判断和推理能力,以民主主义的理智方法实施教学,以“公正团体法”把学校建成民主社区。民主是社会主义的核心价值观之一,弘扬民主、实践民主是新时期学校德育的重要课题,制度德育论可以为此贡献力量。Institutional Moral Education Theory(IMET)has three theoretical sources,namely historical materialism,(limited)institutional determinism,and neo-institutionalism.What they have in common is the emphasis on the understanding of the human nature and essence from the perspective of social relations and institutional structures.Multidisciplinary empirical studies have shown that institutions not only have their own“thinking”,and make important decisions on our behalf,but also determine our thinking habits,make us form institutionalized thinking,influence and change our behavioral habits.Institutions can not only make good people bad,but also bad people good.Institutions influence and even determine human(moral)behavior through the mediation of institutional situations.The practice of institutional moral education theory in the new era can be summarized as that socialist democracy is the best institutional moral education.It requires schools to develop students moral-democratic competence,improve their moral judgment and reasoning competence through the method of“discussing moral dilemmas”,teach students with a democratic and rational approach,and build schools into democratic communities through the approach of“establishing just community”.Democracy is one of the core socialist values.In the new era,promoting and practicing democracy is an important topic of school moral education,to which the institutional moral education theory can contribute its own strength.

关 键 词：制度德育论 有限的制度决定论 制度思维 制度情境 道德—民主能力 “公正团体法” 

分 类 号：G41[文化科学—教育学]