高速铁路轨道周期性不平顺特征表征与识别  

Feature Representation and Identification of Periodic Irregularity of High-Speed Railway Track

作　　者：赵文博 杨飞 谭社会[2] 孙宪夫 张煜 ZHAO Wenbo;YANG Fei;TAN Shehui;SUN Xianfu;ZHANG Yu(Infrastructure Inspection Research Institute,China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited,Beijing 100081,China;China Railway Shanghai Railway Bureau Group Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 300142,China)

机构地区：[1]中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司基础设施检测研究所,北京100081 [2]中国铁路上海铁路局集团有限公司,上海300142

出　　处：《中国铁道科学》2023年第3期43-52,共10页China Railway Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52278465);中国国家铁路集团有限公司科技研究开发计划课题(P2021T013)。

摘　　要：高速铁路轨道周期性不平顺易引起车辆激振,增加列车脱轨风险,需要及时发现并处理。在分析不同波长周期性不平顺成因基础上,提出基于小波变换和支持向量机(SVM)的轨道周期性不平顺识别方法,并采用该方法进行案例分析。结果表明:高速铁路轨道周期性不平顺成因大致可分为4类,即与轨下结构尺寸相关的32 m简支梁不平顺、底座板不平顺、轨道板不平顺及与钢轨状态相关的钢轨轧制不平顺,其主要波长分别为32,20,4~7和2~4 m;经过频域、时域带窗处理后的小波系数,其均值、方差、有效值和时频比4个指标可以表征轨道周期性不平顺;采用该方法识别钢轨轧制周期性不平顺、轨道板变形周期性不平顺和底座板变形周期性不平顺的准确率分别为81%,94%和72%。Periodic irregularity of high-speed railway track is easy to cause vehicle excitation and increase the risk of train derailment,which needs to be discovered and dealt with in time.On the basis of analyzing the causes of periodic irregularity of different wavelengths,an identification method for track periodic irregularity based on wavelet transform and support vector machine(SVM)is proposed in this paper;and case study analyses are carried out using the proposed method.The results show that the causes of periodic irregularity of high-speed railway track can be roughly divided into four categories:irregularity of the 32 m simply supported beam,irregularity of base plate,irregularity of track plate related to the size of the under-rail structure and irregularity of rail rolling related to rail status.The main wavelengths are 32,20,4-7 and 2-4 m,respectively.The four indicators-mean value,variance,effective value and time-frequency ratio,of the wavelet coefficients with windowed processing of frequency domain and time domain,can represent the periodic irregularity of the track.The accuracy rates of this method are 81%,94%and 72%,respectively for identifying the periodic irregularity of rail rolling,track plate deformation and base plate deformation.

关 键 词：高速铁路 轨道 周期性不平顺 小波变换 支持向量机 

分 类 号：U216.3[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]