赫尔德对康德“纯粹理性批判”的批判  

Herder's Critique of Kant's Critique ofPure Reason

作　　者：陈漠[1] 陈艳波[1] CHEN Mo;CHEN Yan-bo(Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学,贵阳550025

出　　处：《云南大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第3期39-49,共11页The Journal of Yunnan University:Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“赫尔德对康德哲学之批判的系统研究”(项目号:20BZX089);贵州省研究生科研基金项目[项目号:YJSKYJJ(2021)072]的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：赫尔德的形而上学以及他对“存在”问题的思考,集中体现在他对康德先验哲学的批判中。赫尔德和康德都批判启蒙哲学推崇的纯粹理性,但与康德肯定纯粹理性并为其运用划定边界不同,赫尔德从根本上否认理性的纯粹性,强调理性实际上是人类心灵整体运作的有机性,因而是人类心灵中各种力量共同运作的机能,最终体现为人类语言。语言是人类心灵在具体历史经验中生成的证明,在本质上揭示出“存在”与人的感性关联。以语言为切入点,赫尔德分析了人与“存在”的关系,认为语言是“存在”对人的感性给予,是人和“存在”关联的体现和表达。以心灵哲学和语言哲学为基础,赫尔德在批判康德先验哲学的同时,阐明了自己形而上学的基本立场和观念。Herder's metaphysics,especially his thinking on the concept of Being,is embodied in his critique of Kant's transcen-dental philosophy.Like Kant,Herder criticized the pure reason advocated by Enlightenment philosophy.However,unlike Kant,who affirmed pure reason and demarcated its application,Herder completely denied pure reason and emphasized that rea-son actually embodied the organicity of human mind in its whole operation,that is,the integrity of all forces of human mind re-presented finally as human language.The evidence of language generated in the concrete historical experience of human mind basically reveals the conceptual relevance between human and Being.With language as the point of departure,Herder analyzed the relationship between human and Being,and regarded language as the perceptual gift of Being and the embodiment of the re-lationship between human and Being.Based on the philosophy of mind and the philosophy of language,Herder criticized Kant's transcendental philosophy,and clarified the basic position and concepts of his metaphysics.

关 键 词：赫尔德 纯粹理性 批判理论 语言哲学 

分 类 号：B516[哲学宗教—外国哲学]