据金文习语校读诗书二则  

Two Items of Proofreading of the Book of Songs and Shang Shu According to the Idioms in the Bronze Inscriptions

作　　者：陶曲勇[1] Tao Quyong(School of Liberal Arts,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学文学院,北京100872

出　　处：《语言科学》2023年第1期97-104,共8页Linguistic Sciences

基　　金：国家社科基金冷门绝学研究专项(项目号:20VJXG042)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：《诗经》中有“胡考”一词,毛传释“胡”为“寿”,不可从。《诗经》《左传》之“胡考/胡耇”应该就是金文中的“考”,“胡”当训为大,与铭文中屡见之“皇考”“文考”“烈考”之结构、词义类似。金文中又有“敬雍德经”一语,亦可作“经雍明德”,“经雍”当读为“敬雍”,敬雍即敬和、肃雍。“德经/经德”“明德”在句中皆是名词用作宾语,据此可知《尚书·酒诰》“经德秉哲”之“经”仍当从伪孔传、孔疏释为“常”。《法言·问神卷第五》“经德”一词与此同。The interpretation of“hu”(胡)in the word“hukao”(胡考)found in the Book of Songs(诗经)as“shou”(寿)by Mao Zhuan(毛传)is not plausible.“Huka_o”(胡考)/“hukao”(胡考)in the Book of Songs and Zuo Chuan(左传)should be the equivalent of“huka_o”(㝬考)found in the brownze inscription.“Hu”should be interpreted as“big”,the meaning of which is similar to that in the construction“hua_ngka_o”(皇考),“wenkao”(文考)and“liekao”(烈考)in the other inscriptions.The phrase“jingyong dejing”(敬雍德经)found in the brownze inscriptions were also written as“jingyong mingde”(经雍明德),in which“jingyong”(经雍)should be read as“jingyong”(敬雍)meaning“harmony,solemnness”.“Dejing”(德经)/“jingde”(经德)and“mingde”(明德)are all nouns used as objects in the sentence.Based on this,it can be seen that“jing”(经)in“jingde bing-zhe”(经德秉哲)found in Shang Shu-Jiugao(尚书•酒诰)should not be interpreted as the verb“xing”(行).According to the Fake Kong Zhuan(伪孔传)and Kong Shu(孔疏),it should be interpreted as“cha_ng”(常).The word“jingde”(经德)in Fa Yan~Volume V of Ask God(法言•问神卷第五)shows the same reading.

关 键 词：习语 胡考 [害夫]考 敬雍 经德 

分 类 号：H121[语言文字—汉语]