同伴侵害变化轨迹及其与抑郁情绪和外化问题的关系:共同增强还是风险易感  

Peer victimization trajectories and their relationships with depressive symptoms and externalizing problems:Risk enhancement or risk susceptibility

作　　者：肖家乐 申子姣 李晓燕[1] 林丹华 XIAO Jiale;SHEN Zijiao;LI Xiaoyan;LIN Danhua(Institute of Developmental Psychology,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;Mental Health Education and Counseling Center,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学发展心理研究院 [2]北京师范大学心理健康教育与咨询中心,北京100875

出　　处：《心理学报》2023年第6期978-993,I0003,I0004,共18页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(32071076)。

摘　　要：采用纵向设计,对1580名四年级、初一和高一学生进行连续4次追踪测量,考察同伴侵害在第1次至第3次的变化轨迹及其群体异质性,并探讨同伴侵害的初始水平和变化速度如何协同影响第4次的抑郁情绪和外化问题。结果表明:(1)同伴侵害的变化轨迹呈现出线性递减的特点,且递减趋势因不同的流动状态呈现异质性的特点。具体而言,流动儿童、留守儿童和农村儿童在同伴侵害的初始水平上均高于城市儿童,且流动儿童和留守儿童同伴侵害的下降速度比城市儿童更快;(2)在控制人口学因素和基线水平的抑郁情绪和外化问题后,同伴侵害的初始水平和变化速度对抑郁情绪的影响以压力敏感的模式发挥作用,在外化问题中以压力增强的方式发挥作用。可见,同伴侵害的初始水平和变化速度对抑郁情绪和外化问题的影响具有独特性,未来预防/干预研究需要因不同的问题行为制定针对性方案,以有效地提高干预效果。Peer victimization(PV)is widespread among children and adolescents in China.Extant research indicated that children of adverse backgrounds,such as rural-to-urban migrant children and left-behind children,are more vulnerable to PV.Relatively few longitudinal studies,however,have examined how PV changes over time and whether children exposed to adversity are consistently victimized over time.Furthermore,PV can lead to serious psychological problems.Consistent with interpersonal risk and social information processing models,the deleterious effects of PV on externalizing problems and depressive symptoms are well-documented in both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies.However,previous studies mainly examined the separate effects of the initial level and change rates of PV on externalizing problems and depressive symptoms and ignored possible synergistic effects of the initial level and change rates of PV.Three competing models-the additive,stress-amplification,and stress-sensitization models-can explain how the synergistic effects of the initial level and change rates contribute to externalizing problems and depressive symptoms.Thus,the present study used a longitudinal design to explore changing trajectories of PV and investigated whether the PV trajectories differed across migrant status.This study further examined how the initial level and change rates of PV synergistically predicted externalizing problems and depressive symptoms among children and adolescents at two years later.This study employed a 4-wave longitudinal design spanning two years.Participants included 1,580 students from three provinces in China who were recruited through multiple schools including elementary(43.2%),middle(33.1%)and high(23.7%)schools.The mean age of participants at the baseline was 12.37 years(SD=2.52,range=9 to 19 years old;54.9%boys).All measures in this study were based on participants’self-report.At baseline,participants completed demographic information,including gender,grade,migrant status and subjective socioeconomic s

关 键 词：同伴侵害 变化轨迹 抑郁情绪和外化问题 压力敏感 压力增强 

分 类 号：B844[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学]