主体论视域下人工智能侵权责任承担构想  

Assumption of Tort Liability of Artificial Intelligence from the Perspective of Subject Theory

作　　者：郭少飞[1] Guo Shaofei

机构地区：[1]河南师范大学法学院

出　　处：《地方立法研究》2023年第3期64-80,共17页Local Legislation Journal

基　　金：河南省哲学社会科学规划项目(2021BFX027)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：生成式人工智能展现出了强大的类人能力,为主体论奠定了坚实的本体基础;从社会关系结构及他者视角而言,人工智能主体具有深厚的道德基础;制度实践表明,主体论不失为一种趋势。但是,人工智能主体智慧水平尚低,能力不完备,需为其设置内部监管人。在责任财产方面,人工智能可通过劳动、受赠等方式获得自有财产;侵权所得保险金、责任基金、社会救助金等,亦属损害填补的资金来源,可视为“准责任财产”。人工智能侵权,首先由其自担客观责任。监管人与人工智能存在监督管理、收益分享、劳动雇佣、互为代理等多元关系,监管人据此对侵权承担一定责任。人工智能开发者或制造商、用户、受害人、第三方等对侵权发生具有原因力,应依可归责事由,厘定责任主体、责任形态。Generative artificial intelligence exhibits strong humanoid abilities,laying the foundation for ontology in the field of subject theory.From the social-relational structure and the others perspective,AI subjects have a deep moral foundation.Institutional practice has shown that subjectivity is a trend.However,the intelligence level of AI subjects is still low and their capabilities are inadequate,requiring the establishment of internal supervisors for them.AI can obtain their own property through labor,donation,inheritance and other means.The insurance fund,the liability fund,the social assistance fund,etc.,based on the AI tort liability are also the source of funds for the tort damage caused by AI.They can be considered as“responsible quasi-property”.When AI infringes,it first bears objective responsibility on its own.There are multiple relationships between supervisors and AI,including supervision and management,revenue sharing,labor employment and agency.Supervisors bear some responsibility for AI infringement based on the legal relationship between them.AI developers or manufacturers,users,victims,third parties,etc.,have a causal effect on the occurrence of infringement,and the liability subject and forms should be determined based on the attributable reasons.

关 键 词：人工智能主体 监管人 责任财产 侵权责任 多方责任 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]