吉布森的直接感知理论的缺陷及其修正  

The Defects of Gibson's Direct Perception Theory and Its Modifications

作　　者：魏屹东[1] 刘华霞 WEI Yidong;LIU Huaxia(School of Philosophy,Shanxi University,Taiyuan,Shanxi,030006)

机构地区：[1]山西大学哲学学院,山西太原030006

出　　处：《自然辩证法通讯》2023年第6期28-36,共9页Journal of Dialectics of Nature

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“人工认知对自然认知挑战的哲学研究”(项目编号:21&ZD061)。

摘　　要：吉布森的直接感知理论自提出以来,既受到许多赞许也遭到不少批判,批判主要集中于它的两个主张:个体可通过环境对视网膜的刺激而无需大脑对信息加工就能做出最直接的行为反应;个体通过可供性可直接从环境中拾取信息。由于感知理论无法摆脱心理预设,拾取概念也预设了环境中信息的不变性和直接性,忽视了环境和感知之间的协调作用以及语境对感知的意义决定功能。社会融合理论、理论-理论和建构主义视觉统计学习理论分别从个体需要考虑的限定因素和刺激引起感知判断的充分性等方面对其进行了修正,但这些修正并没有彻底解决该理论面临的困境。语境同一论用语境同一性修正感知理论,认为感知是主体的视觉和环境在语境中交互耦合的结果,并因此产生有意义的行动。Gibson's theory of direct perception has received both praises and criticisms since its inception,with the latter focusing on two ideas of the theory:first,individuals can make the most direct behavioral responses through environmental stimulation of the retina without the brain processing the information;and second,individuals can pick up information from the environment directly through affordance.Since the perception theory cannot escape from mental presuppositions,the concept of pickup also presupposes the invariance and immediacy of information in the environment,and ignores the coordinating role between environment and perception and the meaning-determining function of context on perception.Social integration theory,theory-theory,and constructivist visual statistical learning theory have respectively modified it in terms of qualifying factors that individuals need to consider and the adequacy of stimuli to elicit perceptual judgments,but these modifications fail to resolve completely the dilemma faced by the theory.The context-identity theory modifies the perception theory with contextual identity,arguing that perception is the result of the interactive coupling of a subject's vision and environment in a context,and consequent production of meaningful actions.

关 键 词：吉布斯 直接感知 可供性 视觉刺激 语境同一性 

分 类 号：N031[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]