多元化与职业性:日本高等职业教育入学制度的特征与启示  

Diversity and Occupation-Orientation:Features of Japan’s Admission System of Higher Vocational Education and Its Enlightenment

作　　者：方晓田[1] 金红梅 FANG Xiao-tian;JIN Hong-mei(School of International Education,Sichuan International Studies University,Chongqing 400031)

机构地区：[1]四川外国语大学国际教育学院,重庆400031

出　　处：《广东技术师范大学学报》2023年第2期65-72,112,共9页Journal of Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University

基　　金：教育部人文社科一般项目“区域民办高职院校产教社融创发展研究”(项目编号:20XJA880003);教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“粤港澳大湾区职业教育协同治理的障碍诊断及机制创新研究”(项目编号:20YJC880105)。

摘　　要：日本高等职业教育已形成一个从中职到高职、再到本科及研究生各层次相互衔接的教育体系和升学路径,构建了较完善的高等职业教育入学制度。日本高等职业教育入学制度发展大致经历了肇始期的粗放直通式衔接、发展期的选择指导式衔接、完善期的全面整体式衔接,入学方式主要有推荐入学、一般入学、A O入学、个别入学等,并体现出入学考试途径的多元化、入学考试内容的职业性、入学考试时间的灵活性、入学评价体系的多维化等特征。当前我国高等职业教育招生制度正处于改革关键期,需要探索统一性与多元化并重的考试形式、凸显职业性的考试内容、建构贯通入学体系以及多维度的评价标准。With an education system and enrollment trajectory that connect all levels from secondary vocational education to higher vocational education,and to undergraduate and postgraduate education,a relatively comprehensive admission system has been established for Japan’s higher vocational education.Japan’s higher vocational education has roughly experienced three stages:extensive and direct connection at the initial stage,selective and guiding connection at the growth stage,and comprehensive and integrated connection at the maturity stage.Types of admission mainly include admission through recommendation,general admission,AO admission and personalized admission.They are characterized by diverse methods of entrance examination,occupation orientation of the contents of entrance examination,flexibility of the time arrangement of entrance examination and multidimensional admission evaluation criteria.The enrollment system for higher vocational education in China is now at the critical stage of reform.It is necessary to explore examination forms that value both unity and diversity,underscore the examination contents that manifest occupation orientation,and construct a multidimensional evaluation criteria for the admission system.

关 键 词：日本 高等职业教育 入学制度 

分 类 号：G712.3[文化科学—职业技术教育学]