水循环的地质演变:研究现状与关键问题  

Evolution of water cycle in deep time:Current research status and key questions

作　　者：朱茂炎[1,2] 郭正堂 汪品先 Maoyan Zhu;Zhengtang Guo;Pinxian Wang(State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy,Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China;College of Earth and Planetary Sciences,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment,Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China;State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology,School of Ocean and Earth Science,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所,现代古生物学和地层学国家重点实验室,南京210008 [2]中国科学院大学地球与行星科学学院,北京100049 [3]中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,中国科学院新生代地质与环境重点实验室,北京100029 [4]同济大学海洋与地球科学学院,海洋地质国家重点实验室,上海200092

出　　处：《科学通报》2023年第12期1425-1442,共18页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金-中国科学院前沿领域发展战略研究(L1924025);中国科学院地学部学科发展战略研究(XK2019DXC002);国家自然科学基金(41921002,41888101)资助。

摘　　要：由大陆-海洋-大气之间水的3种相态(固态-液态-气态)相互转换和位移构成的水循环,是地球气候系统的主要过程之一.太阳辐射量在地球表面分布不均匀,是地表水循环的基本驱动力.水循环与碳循环密切关联,是气候系统演变中的两条主线.不同时空尺度的水循环和碳循环受天文、地质和生物因素以及它们之间相互作用的控制,揭示水循环地质演变过程及其与气候变化之间的关系,可为了解当今水文气候变化提供宝贵启示.通过水循环地质演变研究现状回顾,提出如下5个科学问题应在未来予以重点关注:(1)雪球地球时期的水循环;(2)植被起源和演化对水循环的影响;(3)深时热带辐合带(inter-tropical convergence zone, ITCZ)的演变与水循环;(4)暖室期地下水与海平面变化;(5)深时水循环中的氧同位素示踪.同时建议我国未来亟须加强的4个研究方向:(1)深时冰室期向暖室期转变中的水循环;(2)深时水循环与生态系统演变;(3)深时水循环研究方法的发展;(4)深时水循环与长周期地球系统演变的数值模型.The hydrological(water)cycle,with three phases(solid,liquid,and gas)distributed among the continents,oceans,and atmosphere,is a major component of the Earth’s climate system.The surface water cycle is driven by the uneven distribution of solar radiation on the Earth,and together with the carbon cycle it is a major factor in long-term climate change.Throughout deep time and at various scales,the carbon and water cycles have been controlled by astronomical,geological,and biological phenomena and their interactions.Thus,investigations of secular variation in the water cycle and its relationship to palaeoclimatic change should provide invaluable insights into current hydroclimatological changes.The full history of Earth(4.567 billion years)has been subdivided into several eons,each of which exhibits distinct characteristics of major systems and processes.In general,the Earth maintained a warm greenhouse climate for 5/6 of known geologic time,with no perennial ice sheets at either pole.The Mesozoic-Cenozoic warm house period with frequent hyperthermal events has received the most attention of any such interval.In contrast,the cold icehouse climate of the present day,with both poles covered by perennial ice sheets,was uncommon in Earth history.The best known icehouse intervals are the“Snowball Earth”glaciations,which occurred both in the early and late Proterozoic Eon,the short Late Ordovician(Hirnantian)Glaciation,and the long-lasting Late Paleozoic Ice Age(LAIA).However,current understanding of how water cycled under different climatic scenarios in Earth history is relatively limited,especially during the early Earth.The present review briefly summarizes the current status of research and major unresolved questions regarding the evolution of the water cycle in deep time.Based on discussions held during workshops supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)and the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS),we recommend that the following problems in our understanding of the water cycle in deep time

关 键 词：水循环 碳循环 古气候学 水文气候学 地球系统演变 

分 类 号：P339[天文地球—水文科学] P53[水利工程—水文学及水资源]