上海市学龄前儿童食物过敏现况和饮食特征分析  

Analysis of dietary characteristics and food allergy of preschool children in Shanghai

作　　者：卫澜 陈天一 陈卓如 唐颢 赵卓慧[1] WEI Lan;CHEN Tianyi;CHEN Zhuoru;TANG Hao;ZHAO Zhuohui(School of Public Health,Fudan University,Key Laboratory of Public Health and Safety,Ministry of Education,Key Laboratory of Health Technology Evaluation,National Health Commission,Shanghai 200032,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学公共卫生学院,公共卫生安全教育部重点实验室,国家卫生健康委员会卫生技术评估重点实验室,上海200032

出　　处：《中国食品卫生杂志》2023年第3期403-410,共8页Chinese Journal of Food Hygiene

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(81861138005)。

摘　　要：目的了解上海市学龄前儿童食物过敏的现状,探究食物过敏儿童的饮食习惯和食谱特征,为提出学龄前儿童食物过敏的改善措施及营养评估提供数据基础。方法采用分层整群抽样,纳入上海市6个区(虹口区、静安区、徐汇区、闵行区、嘉定区和崇明区)15所幼儿园共5215个3~6岁的学龄前儿童,邀请家长填写电子问卷,采集儿童人口学特征、成长环境、食物过敏和饮食习惯的信息。结果上海市学龄前儿童经家长自报的食物过敏率为16.8%。自报过敏率最高的过敏性食物为水产品类(含鱼、虾及海鲜等),为7.2%,其次是蛋类(5.3%)、牛奶或奶制品(4.2%)、水果(2.4%)、坚果(2.1%)、豆类(0.5%)、肉类(0.5%)、面粉(0.4%)及蔬菜(0.4%)。食物过敏的儿童中,对1种、2种食物过敏的儿童分别占61.8%和24.9%。水产和水果过敏者多表现为单种食物过敏,而蛋类、牛奶和坚果食物过敏者多表现为合并两种或以上的食物过敏。与非食物过敏的儿童相比,食物过敏者总体减少了致敏食物的摄入而增加了替代性食物的摄入。结论上海市家长自报的学龄前儿童食物过敏的比率较高。自报的过敏性食物主要集中在水产品、蛋类、牛奶或奶制品、水果等。相较于偏单一食物过敏的水产品食物过敏的儿童,对蛋类、牛奶和坚果过敏的儿童,更倾向于同时对多种食物过敏。食物过敏的儿童呈现明显的食物规避和同类其他食物替代摄入。Objective To provide data basis for nutrition evaluation and improving measures for preschool children with food allergy,the current situation of food allergy,the eating habits and dietary characteristics of preschool children in Shanghai were analyzed.Methods A total of 5215 preschool children aged 3-6 years old were selected by stratified cluster sampling,covering 15 kindergartens in 6 districts of Shanghai(Hongkou,Jing’an,Xuhui,Minhang,Jiading and Chongming District).The demographic characteristics,feeding environment,food allergy and food habits was collected from children’s parents by electronic questionnaires.Results The self-reported food allergy in preschool children accounted for 16.8%.The highest proportion of allergenic food was aquatic products(including fish,shrimp and seafood etc.)(7.2%),followed by eggs(5.3%),milk or dairy products(4.2%),fruits(2.4%),nuts(2.1%),beans(0.5%),meat(0.5%),flour(0.4%)and vegetables(0.4%).Among the children with food allergy,61.8%were allergic to one type of food only,and 24.9%were allergic to at least two types of food.Children with allergies to aquatic products and fruits tended to have a single food allergy,while those with allergies to eggs,milk and nuts tended to have a combination of two or more food allergies.Compared with children without food allergy,food allergic children had reduced consuming frequency of sensitized food but increased frequency of alternative food.Conclusion There was a high proportion of parental reports on food allergy in preschool children in Shanghai.The main allergenic food was aquatic products,eggs,milk or dairy products and fruits.Children allergic to aquatic products tended to be single-type food allergy,while those allergic to egg,milk and nut tended to be allergic to multiple foods.Children with food allergy had obvious food avoidance behavior but potentially increased the intake of alternative food.

关 键 词：学龄前儿童 食物过敏 饮食习惯 营养 

分 类 号：R155[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]