塞涅卡的申辩  

The Apology of Seneca

作　　者：徐健[1] XU Jian(School of Public Administration,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学公共管理学院,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《海南大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2023年第3期21-28,共8页Journal of Hainan University （Humanities & Social Sciences）

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(17YJC720030);贵州省哲学社会科学规划一般课题(20GZYB35);贵州大学人文社会科学研究青年项目(GDQN2021005)。

摘　　要：塞涅卡是因兼具哲学与财富而最受物议的西方思想家。为回应公元58年苏伊利乌斯的抨击,他创作了堪称申辩篇的《论幸福生活》。首先他挑明幸福生活真正的领路人不是愚众,而是他所理解的廊下派。由此,他主张德性是幸福的唯一构成,反对众人所称赏的快乐即幸福这一伊壁鸠鲁派观点。虽如此,他认可心灵的永恒愉悦和身体的自然快乐,因为它们能与德性相伴。并且他以他所重塑的苏格拉底为援,认为财富作为更可取的中性物,能为顺境时所需的众多德性以及为愉悦提供宽广的实现空间,从而能与哲学兼容。但他还是通过这位苏格拉底,强调运用勇敢之德来面对贫穷等逆境更为重要。相应地,他暗示自由高于德性,且以作为终极解脱的死亡而非德性为最高保证。总之,塞涅卡直接且主要的意图在于为如何生而辩,而为何以死而辩则是他的隐秘意图。Seneca is the most controversial Western thinker for his combination of philosophy and wealth.In response to Suillius'attack in 58 AD,he wrote On the Happy Life,equal to an apology.First,he shows that the true guide to a happy life is not the foolish crowds,but the Stoics in his understandings.Thus,he argues that virtue is the only constitution of happiness,and rejects the Epicurean view that pleasure is happiness,which is admired by the crowds.Nevertheless,he recognizes the eternal joy of the mind and the natural plea‐sure of the body,because they can accompany virtue.Furthermore,taking his reshaped Socrates as his aid,he holds that wealth,as a preferred indifferent,can be compatible with philosophy by providing a wide space for many virtues required in favorable circumstances and for joy.However,he emphasizes through this Socrates that it is more important to face adversity like poverty with the virtue of courage.Accordingly,he implies that freedom is higher than virtue,and it takes death that is the ultimate release,rather than virtue,as the highest guarantee.In short,Seneca's direct and primary intention is to argue for how to live,while his secret intention is to argue for why to die.

关 键 词：《论幸福生活》 中性物与德性 自由 伊壁鸠鲁派 苏格拉底 

分 类 号：B502.43[哲学宗教—外国哲学]