吴茱萸枝屑对毛木耳农艺性状及其子实体营养成分的影响  

Effects of Tetradium ruticarpum Branch Sawdust on the Agronomic Traits and Fruiting Body′s Nutrient Components of Auricularia cornea

作　　者：叶建强 张芳芳 蓝桃菊 黄卓忠 陈丽新 YE Jianqiang;ZHANG Fangfang;LAN Taoju;HUANG Zhuozhong;CHEN Lixin(Microbiology Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning,Guangxi 530007;Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun,Jilin 130118)

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区农业科学院微生物研究所,广西南宁530007 [2]吉林农业大学食药用菌教育部工程研究中心,吉林长春130118

出　　处：《北方园艺》2023年第9期112-119,共8页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：广西农业科学院优势学科团队资助项目(2021YT093);广西农业科学院微生物研究所科技发展基金资助项目(桂农科微2019JZ01,桂农科微2020CS01);南宁市邕宁区科学研究与技术开发计划资助项目(20180101A);国家现代农业产业技术体系广西食用菌创新团队建设资助项目(nycytxgxcxtd-2021-07-01);现代农业产业技术体系专项资金资助项目(CARS20);科技先锋队“强农富民”“六个一”专项行动资助项目(桂农科盟202108)。

摘　　要：以吴茱萸枝屑和杂木屑为试材,通过测定其营养成分,采用20%、40%、60%、80%和100%吴茱萸枝屑代替杂木屑栽培毛木耳的方法,以未代替为对照(CK),研究其对毛木耳农艺性状和子实体营养成分的影响,以期为其高效利用提供参考依据。结果表明:吴茱萸枝屑的纤维素、半纤维素和木质素含量与杂木屑的相差较小,但其粗蛋白高4.25倍,硒高0.02 mg·kg^(-1),而碳氮比仅有杂木屑的23.60%。吴茱萸枝屑代替杂木屑栽培毛木耳能显著降低培养料碳氮比和增加原料利用率(P<0.05,下同),代替80%以上能促进菌丝生长,但达到100%时菌包成活率明显下降,达10%;代替20%~80%时,产量高于CK,以40%和80%为好;代替20%~100%时,茬数比CK多,以60%~80%最好;代替80%时子实体综合营养特性最好,其粗蛋白、脂肪、铁、硒显著高于CK。可见,吴茱萸枝屑80%代替量栽培毛木耳最好,配方为吴茱萸枝屑62.4%、杂木屑15.6%、麦麸20%、石灰1%、石膏1%,表明吴茱萸枝屑是一种很好的食用菌原料,建议在生产上应用。Taking T.ruticarpum branch sawdust and ordinary sawdust as test materials whose nutritional contents were determined,20%,40%,60%,80%and 100%substitutions of T.ruticarpum branch sawdust for ordinary sawdust to cultivate A.cornea were studied for agronomic traits and fruiting body′s nutrient components of A.cornea,using no substitution of T.ruticarpum branch test group as control(CK),in order to provide reference for high efficient utilization of T.ruticarpum branch sawdust.The results showed that the cellulose,hemicelluloses,and lignin of T.ruticarpum branch sawdust compared to ordinary sawdust had less difference,however the crude protein increased 4.25 times,the Se raised 0.02 mg·kg^(-1)and the C/N was only 23.60%of the ordinary sawdust.T.ruticarpum branch sawdust instead of ordinary sawdust to cultivate A.cornea could significantly reduce C/N of substrate and increase the raw material utilization rate(P0.05 level,as bellow).The 80%and above of T.ruticarpum branch sawdust substitution groups could promote the mycelial growth of A.cornea,but obviously decreased the survival rate of A.cornea reached 10%degree in the 100%substitution group.The yields of 20%-80%T.ruticarpum branch sawdust substitution groups were higher than CK,and their fine were the 40%and 80%substitution groups.The flush of 20%-100%T.ruticarpum branch sawdust substitution groups were more than CK,and reached best in the 60%-80%substitution groups.Compared to 20%,40%,60%and 100%substitution groups,the dry fruiting body of the 80%T.ruticarpumsubstitution group had good nutritional characteristics,whose crude protein,fat,Fe and Se were significantly highest to CK.Therefore,80%substitution of T.ruticarpumbranch sawdust for ordinary sawdust to cultivate A.cornea was best choice,whose the formulas was 62.4%T.ruticarpum branch sawdust,15.6%ordinary sawdust,20%wheat bran,1%lime and 1%gypsum.It was further showed that T.ruticarpum branch sawdust was a good raw material of mushroom,and recommended applying in A.corneaproduction.

关 键 词：吴茱萸枝屑 毛木耳 代替 农艺性状 营养成分 

分 类 号：S646.6[农业科学—蔬菜学]