不同饲草配比对威宁黄牛育肥、胴体和肉质性状的影响  

Effects of Different Forage Ratios on Fattening,Carcass and Meat Traits of Weining Cattle

作　　者：吴燕 向进 王春梅 张依裕 WU Yan;XIANG Jin;WANG Chunmei;ZHANG Yiyu(Key Laboratory of Plateau Mountain Animal Genetics,Breeding and Reproduction,Ministry of Education,College of Animal Science,Guizhou University,Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics,Breeding and Reproduction,Guizhou Guiyang 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学动物科学学院高原山地动物遗传育种与繁殖教育部重点实验室,贵州省动物遗传育种与繁殖重点实验室,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《饲料工业》2023年第11期54-62,共9页Feed Industry

基　　金：贵州省科技支撑计划项目[黔科合支撑[2019]2360号]。

摘　　要：试验旨在评估不同饲草配比日粮对威宁黄牛育肥、胴体和肉质的影响。选取健康体重相近的(24±1)月龄威宁黄牛84头(公、母牛各半),均分为7组,饲喂不同饲草调配的日粮,T1组(17%巨菌草+18%黑麦草+12%金荞麦+18%青贮玉米)、T2组(25%巨菌草+18%黑麦草+12%金荞麦+10%青贮玉米)、T3组(45%巨菌草+20%黑麦草+12%玉米)、T4组(25%黑麦草+40%金荞麦)、T5组(20%玉米秸秆+45%黑麦草)、T6组(20%干稻草+45%黑麦草)、T7组(30%黑麦草+35%青贮玉米)。预试期15 d,正试期60 d。结果表明:不同饲草配比对威宁黄牛的采食量、平均日增重、净肉率、肌肉氨基酸和脂肪酸组成有显著影响(P<0.05),而对肌肉化学组成和常规肉品质的影响未达显著水平(P>0.05)。T7组育肥性能和胴体性状效果最优,T4组次之,T5组最差。T1组肌肉中鲜味氨基酸含量最高;日粮中含金荞麦的T1、T2、T4组肌肉中抗氧化氨基酸含量均高于其他组,含黑麦草最高的T5组和T6组肌肉中必需氨基酸和支链氨基酸含量均高于其他组;T4组肌肉中芳香族氨基酸含量最高;T7组肌肉中总氨基酸和甜味氨基酸含量最高。T4组肌肉中必需脂肪酸含量最高,T2组次之,T5组最低。说明不同的饲草配比能影响肉牛的育肥和胴体性状,也能影响肌肉中氨基酸和脂肪酸的组成,肉牛养殖者可通过调整饲草配比改善肉牛育肥、胴体和肉质性状。Aiming to assess the effects of different forage ratios on the fattening,carcass and meat quality of Weining cattle.A total of 84 Weining cattle with similar healthy weight(half male and half female)were divided into seven groups,T1 group(17%giant fescue grass+18%rye grass+12%buckwheat+18%silage corn),T2(25%giant fescue grass+18%rye grass+12%buckwheat+10%silage corn),T3 group(45%giant fescue grass+20%rye grass+12%corn),T4 group(25%rye grass+40%buck⁃wheat),T5 group(20%corn straw+45%rye grass),T6 group(20%dry rice straw+45%rye grass),T7 group(30%rye grass+35%silage corn).And the diets prepared by different forage were fed with a probe period of 15 days and a trial period of 60 days.The results showed that the different forage ratios had a significant effect on the feed intake,daily weight gain,net meat rate,muscle amino acids and fatty acid composition of Weining cattle(P<0.05),while the effects on muscle chemical compo⁃sition and conventional meat quality did not reach a significant level(P>0.05).Fattening and carcass trait data showed that the T7 group had the best effect,followed by the T4 group and the T5 group was the worst.Amino acid determination data showed that the T1 group had the highest umami amino acid content;The content of antioxidant amino acids in the T1,T2 and T4 groups containing buckwheat in the diet were higher than in the other groups,and the content of essential amino acids and branched-chain amino acids in the T5 and T6 groups with the high⁃est levels of rye grass were higher than in other groups;The T4 group had the highest content of aromatic amino acids;The T7 group had the highest total amino acids and sweet amino acids.Fatty acid determina⁃tion data showed that the T4 group had the highest content of essential fatty acids,followed by the T2 group and the lowest T5 group.It indicated that different forage ratios can affect the fattening and carcass traits of beef cattle,and can also affect the composition of amino acids and fatty acids in muscles,and beef cattle farmers can impro

关 键 词：饲草配比 威宁黄牛 育肥性状 胴体性状 肉质性状 

分 类 号：S816.32[农业科学—饲料科学]