中国古代判词的文学化和儒家化倾向  

The Literalization and Confucianization Tendencies of Ancient Chinese Court Verdicts

作　　者：杨静[1] 涂秀虹[1] Yang Jing;Tu Xiuhong(College of Chinese Language and Literature,Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou 350007,Fujian,China)

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学文学院,福建福州350007

出　　处：《学术探索》2023年第5期142-149,共8页Academic Exploration

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目(15ZDB070)。

摘　　要：中国古代判词文体形成于西汉,成熟于唐代。宋代以来,一方面,因为社会经济快速发展,商贸活动兴盛,利益纠纷更多,诉讼案件和判词量激增,判词的书写更为官民所重视;另一方面,也由于印刷术发展,更多判词集得以传播。现存历代判词既有实判也有虚判,实判是古代判官审理案件的具结文书;虚判则范围较广,其中既有士子科举应考之作,也包含了宋元明清小说中插入的判词。无论是引经据典、文风缛丽的骈判,还是作为小说结构部分的判词,都具有明显的文学性特征。又因为判案官吏深受儒家教育,判案时注重维护人伦亲情,兼顾情、理、法统一,推崇息讼,向往无讼,判词反映了儒家思想的影响,法家书呈现出儒家化倾向。The style of ancient Chinese court verdicts was formed in the Western Han Dynasty and matured in the Tang Dynasty.Since the Song Dynasty,due to the rapid development of social economy,prosperous trade activities,and more interest disputes,the number of litigation cases and judgments had surged,and more attention been paid to the writing of court verdicts by officials and individuals.On the other hand,due to the development of printing,more sets of court verdicts had spread.The existing verdicts in the past dynasties include both real and virtual ones.Real verdicts are the concrete documents used by ancient judges to try cases,while virtual verdicts have a wide range,including the imperial examinations of scholars and the inserted verdicts in the novels of Song,Yuan,Ming and Qing Dynasties.Whether they were Pinpan which are rich in the citation of classics and elegant in literary style,or virtual verdicts as a structural part of the novel,they both had the obvious feature of literarity.In addition,because the judges were deeply educated by Confucianism,they paid attention to maintaining the kinship of human relations,taking into account the unity of emotion,reason and law,advocating the settlement of litigation,and yearning for no litigation.Thus,their court verdicts reflected the influence of Confucianism,and the law books showed a tendency of Confucianism.

关 键 词：古代判词 文学化 小说 儒家化 

分 类 号：I045[文学—文学理论]