汉语发展性阅读障碍干预研究进展及其启示  

Progress of Research on Intervention for Children with Chinese Developmental Dyslexia and Its Implications

作　　者：程鲁月 常欣 CHENG Luyue;CHANG Xin(School of Foreign Languages,Tongji University,Shanghai,200092)

机构地区：[1]同济大学外国语学院,上海200092

出　　处：《中国特殊教育》2023年第4期80-87,共8页Chinese Journal of Special Education

摘　　要：当前汉语发展性阅读障碍儿童的干预特征为多感官语言干预、基础认知能力干预和神经调控干预等新技术新思路的综合应用。基于活动和教具的多感官语言干预能够弥补汉语阅读障碍儿童信息获取和编码等缺陷,巩固记忆效果。基础认知能力干预主要针对汉语阅读障碍儿童的工作记忆缺陷和视听知觉缺陷。工作记忆训练有助于提高视空间、语音、中央执行任务以及阅读任务的表现,知觉干预通过训练视听觉综合能力来提高阅读障碍儿童的知觉水平和阅读能力。神经反馈训练和经颅直流电刺激等神经干预方法有望从根本上提升阅读障碍者的阅读能力。未来的干预研究需要进一步依托人工智能技术开发个性化干预平台,同时通过完善神经调控技术挖掘汉语相关的生物标志物。Interventions for children with Chinese developmental dyslexia are mainly reflected in the development of new techniques and ideas based on traditional language interventions such as multisensory learning,general cognitive intervention training and neuromodulation interventions.Sensory literacy instructional interventions can compensate for the deficits in information acquisition,language encoding and strategy development for the impaired.General cognitive interventions mainly involve interventions for working memory deficits and audiovisual perception deficits in children with Chinese dyslexia.Working memory training can significantly improve task performance such as visuospatial,phonological and central executive tasks,and this intervention also needs to be targeted after typing.Perceptual interventions improve the perceptual level and reading ability of children with dyslexia by training the combined audiovisual skills.If actively intervened at an early stage,it can have important preventive implications for children with potential dyslexia.Notably,neurological interventions that target the plasticity of brain activity may radically improve reading ability in dyslexic children.These non-invasive neuromodulation techniques include EEG neurofeedback training and non-invasive brain stimulation techniques centered on transcranial direct current stimulation.Future intervention research needs to focus on further developing personalized intervention platforms based on artificial intelligence technologies,as well as mining Chinese language biomarkers through improved neuromodulation techniques.At the same time,families and schools should be mobilized to strengthen integrated social interventions.

关 键 词：汉语发展性阅读障碍 多感官语言干预 基础认知能力干预 神经调控干预 人工智能 

分 类 号：G623.2[文化科学—教育学]