“另一种科学”:重思歌德自然研究的方法论价值  

“Alternative Science”:Rethinking the Methodological Value of Goethe's Study of Nature

作　　者：李猛[1] 韩静怡 LI Meng;HAN Jing-yi(School of Philosophy,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学哲学学院,北京100875

出　　处：《自然辩证法研究》2023年第4期29-34,共6页Studies in Dialectics of Nature

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“自然辩证法中国化及当代创新研究”(20&ZD043);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金“歌德自然哲学研究及当代价值”(2021NTSS43)。

摘　　要：歌德曾在长达半个世纪的时间里坚持不懈地进行着“严肃的自然研究”,并留下大量著述。他的植物变形思想与达尔文演化论的关系,色彩学与牛顿光学的冲突,成为科学史家们津津乐道的公案。实际上,歌德自然研究与上述科学的根本不同,并不在于具体观点,而在于背后关于自然的形而上学假定和独特的精致经验主义方法。这种方法作为关于自然的“严格科学”,强调了自然观上的整体性、动态性以及主体的参与性。从今天看,歌德的研究范式延续和开辟出“另一种科学”,这对牛顿式科学具有很好的补充和纠偏作用。Goethe had been engaged in “serious study of nature” for half a century and had left numerous writings.The relationship between his ideas of plant metamorphosis and Darwin's evolutionary theory,and the conflict between his theory of color and Newton's optics,have become the cases that historians of science enjoy talking about.In fact,the fundamental difference is not the specific point of view,but the metaphysical assumption behind nature and the unique method of delicate empiricism.As a “rigorous science” about nature,this method emphasizes the wholeness,dynamics and participation of the subject in the view of nature.From today's perspective,Goethe's paradigm continues and creates an “alternative science”,which is a good supplement and correction for Newtonian science.

关 键 词：歌德 自然研究 演化论 色彩学 方法论 

分 类 号：N031[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]