生生论(Zoetology):一种传统思维方式的新名称  

Zoetology:A New Name for an Old Way of Thinking

作　　者：安乐哲[1] 秦凯丽 关欣(译) Roger T.Ames;QIN Kai-li;GUAN Xin

机构地区：[1]北京大学哲学系,北京100871 [2]中国人民大学哲学院,北京100872

出　　处：《周易研究》2023年第1期6-15,共10页Studies of Zhouyi

摘　　要：古希腊人给我们提供了一种以“作为存在的存在(being qua being)”或“存在本身(being per se)”为基础的实体本体论,它确保了人类经验的基础是一个永恒不变的主体。由于eidos和telos的结合是个体事物(如人)的形式因和目的因,这种“实体(sub-stance)”必然在变化中保持不变。这种基础或本质包含了事物存在的目的,并且是对所有特定事物“作为这类事物意指什么(what it means to be a thing of this kind)”的定义,从而设定了一个封闭的、排他性的边界,使事物具有非此即彼的严格同一性。在《易经》中,我们找到了一套宇宙论假设词汇,和古希腊的实体本体论差异鲜明。这种宇宙论假设通过将儒家经典置于一个整体的、有机的、生态的世界观中,为其提供了一个解释语境。为了与关于“on”或“being”的基础假设形成有意义的对比,我们可以借用希腊的“zoe(生命)”观念,创造一个新词“zoe-tology”,意为一种“生的艺术”。这种宇宙论始于自我生生,它本身就是变化背后的动力,可以提供给我们一个无限“生成”的世界:不是现成的“事物(things)”,而是正在发生的“事件(events)”。这是作为人之存在(human “being”)的本体论的“人”概念和我称之为人之生成(human “becomings”)的过程性的“人”概念之间的对比。The classical Greeks give us a substance ontology grounded in“being qua being”or“being per se”(to on he on)that guarantees a permanent and unchanging subject as the substratum for the human experience.With the combination of eidos and telos as the formal and final cause of independent things such as persons,this“sub-stance”necessarily persists through change.This substratum or essence includes its purpose for being,and is defining of the“what-it-means-to-be-a-thing-of-this-kind”of any particular thing in setting a closed,exclusive boundary and the strict identity necessary for it to be this,and not that.In the Yijing易经or Book of Changes,we find a vocabulary that makes explicit cosmological assumptions that are a stark alternative to this substance ontology,and provides the interpretive context for the Confucian canons by locating them within a holistic,organic,and ecological worldview.To provide a meaningful contrast with this fundamental assumption of on or“being”we might borrow the Greek notion of zoe or“life”and create the neologism“zoe-tology”as“the art of living.”This cosmology begins from“living”(sheng生)itself as the motive force behind change,and gives us a world of boundless“becomings”:not“things”that are,but“events”that are happening,a contrast between an ontological conception of the human“being”and a process conception of what I will call human“becomings.”

关 键 词：生生论 实体本体论 生的艺术 人之生成 

分 类 号：B262[哲学宗教—中国哲学]