ChatGPT与新文科建设  

ChatGPT and the Construction of New Liberal Arts

作　　者：程广云[1] Cheng Guangyun

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学哲学系,北京100048

出　　处：《新文科教育研究》2023年第2期17-30,141,共15页NEW LIBERAL ARTS EDUCATION RESEARCH

摘　　要：文科主要及于文本(符号系统),构成主体间认知关系。新文科1.0版是以自然科学研究范式为典范和以哲学启蒙教育范式为中心的人文社会科学研究和教育范式。新文科2.0版是以ChatGPT及其所代表的生成式人工智能技术(AIGC)为基础的新文科,其研究对象(领域)包括人类所生成的传统文本和AI所生成的新文本;其方法是人际和人机交往与对话;其学术规范和制度相比1.0版也有相应变化。这是ChatGPT给新文科建设带来的机遇与挑战。新文科建设应表现在学术规范和学术制度的改革上。学术规范类似于康德式的“直言律令”,有技术规范和道德规范。新的学术规范首先测量某项学术成果中的“干货”,即主要论点、支撑性论据和支撑性论证等,在确认其成立的前提下,测量其原创度/创新度(O/I)、权重(w)、成本(C)等项指标,记为w(O/C)/I;其次测量其中的“水分”,即所有陈述、引用和举例等是否具有相关性,能否增强说服力和可读性等项指标。学术制度则类似于康德式的“假言律令”,有舆论制度和法规制度。在新的学术制度中,w(O/C)/I是评价学术价值的根本标准。“软指标”可以部分交给AI“自由裁量”。学术评价主体实现人机协同,从而可以更进一步消解学术评价中的人类主观偶然因素。The liberal arts mainly relate to texts(symbol systems),forming cognitive relationshipsbetween subjects.The liberal arts 1.0 is a research and education paradigm of humanities and social sciences,exemplified by the research paradigm of natural sciences and centered on the education paradigm of philosophicalenlightenment.The new liberal arts 2.0 is based on ChatGPT and the AI Generated Content(AIGC)it represents.Its research subjects(fields)include traditional texts generated by humans and new texts generated by AI.Itsmethods are interpersonal and human-machine interactions and dialogues.Its academic norms and institutionshave also changed compared to the 1.0 version,which are opportunities and challenges that ChatGPT bringsto the construction of the new liberal arts.The construction of the new liberal arts should be reflected in thereform of academic norms and institutions.Academic norms are akin to Kantian"categorical imperatives",including technical and ethical norms.New academic norms first measure the"solid content"in a piece ofacademic achievements,such as the main arguments,supporting evidence,supportive proofs,etc.Once theirvalidity is confirmed,they measure indicators such as originality/innovation(O/l),weight(w),and cost(C),denoted as w.Then they measure the"valuable stuff,"ie,whether all statements,citations,and examplesare relevant,and whether they enhance persuasiveness and readability.Academic systems are similar to Kantian"hypothetical imperatives,including systems for public opinion and legislation.In the new academic system,wis the fundamental criterion for evaluating academic value."Soft indicators"can be partially left to the"discretion"of AI.The main body of academic evaluation realizes human-machine colaboration,thereby further eliminatingthe subjective random factors in academic evaluation.

关 键 词：ChatGPT 文科 新文科 学术规范 学术制度 

分 类 号：G642.3[文化科学—高等教育学] TP18[文化科学—教育学]