高速公路互通式立体交叉出入口安全性研究综述  

A Review on the Safety Studies at Entrances and Exits of Expressway Interchanges

作　　者：张驰[1,2] 刘锴 王世法 谢子龙 王雪 ZHANG Chi;LIU Kai;WANG Shifa;XIE Zilong;WANG Xue(School of Highway,Chang'an University,Xi'an 710064,China;Engineering Research Center for Digitization of Road Infrastructure of Ministry of Education,Chang'an University,Xi'an 710064,China;Sichuan Chengmian Cangba Expressway Co.,Ltd Chengdu Branch,Chengdu 610599,China)

机构地区：[1]长安大学公路学院,西安710064 [2]长安大学道路基础设施数字化教育部工程研究中心,西安710064 [3]四川成绵苍巴高速公路有限责任公司成都分公司,成都610599

出　　处：《交通信息与安全》2023年第2期1-17,共17页Journal of Transport Information and Safety

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFC1512005);四川省科技计划资助项目(2022YFG0048);四川省交通运输科技项目(2022-ZL-04)资助。

摘　　要：高速公路互通式立交是保障高速公路正常运行的关键节点,而主线出入口是互通立交的重要组成部分,同时也是互通区交通流特性最为复杂的路段。国内外学者对互通式立交的安全性展开了较多研究,并取得了一系列成果,但由于互通式立交出入口的复杂性,相关研究并不系统。为此,以高速公路互通式立交以及高速公路出入口的安全性为主题进行文献分析,得到高速公路互通立交出入口安全性的研究热点,从几何设计指标、安全性评价方法以及运行速度3个方面对研究成果进行梳理与综合评述。研究结果表明:(1)我国现行规范对变速车道长度的考虑因素过于单一,与车辆实际运行中的变速距离需求不吻合;规范中对互通立交分合流端视距的规定,未针对车辆性能、驾驶人对道路交通环境的感知-反应时间进行优化;(2)目前对分合流鼻端的研究主要从二维角度开展,几何设计指标研究重点未聚焦于平纵指标的组合效果;(3)事故统计法、层次分析法以及模糊综合评价法在高速公路安全评价中应用较多,事故统计法可以客观的反映道路安全状态,但依赖于事故统计数据的准确性,层次分析法可以较好的构建安全性评价指标体系,但指标赋权较主观,使得评价结论不稳定,模糊综合评价方法对系统安全水平的准确评价依赖于隶属函数的选择,对研究人员的专业性提出了较高的要求;(4)现行规范的线形协调性、连续性的评价标准以传统方法?v85为基础,该方法假设基础与实际相悖,高估了道路的安全性能,针对不同车型在不同出入口形式的运行速度预测模型有待深入研究。得到针对相关研究的建议与展望如下:(1)变速车道研究可以基于驾驶行为,优先考虑对变速车道上加速度变化趋势进行研究;(2)出入口视距研究应考虑复杂道路条件、视觉刺激下的反应时间,结合不同车型的车辆�Interchanges of expressways are critical nodes for traffic operation,and their entrances/exits are key components and show most complex traffic flow behaviors.Researchers have conducted numerous safety studies on interchanges and obtained a variety of conclusions,but their studies are not systematic due to the complexity of interchanges and the entrances/exits.To this end,this paper looks into the literature on the safety of interchanges and entrances/exits of expressways,identifies corresponding research topics of interest,and reviews corresponding findings in three areas:geometric design index,safety evaluation method and operation speed.Study results indicate that:①The number of factors considered during the design of speed-change lanes in the existing standards in China is not enough to match the required distance for speed change from the field.The criterion of sight distance at the merging end of an interchange is not optimized based on vehicle performance and drivers'perception-reaction time to different traffic scenarios.②Studies in the literature on the merging nose are mainly carried out from a two-dimensional perspective,and the geometric design factors are not focused on the effect of the combination of flat and longitudinal factors.③The accident statistics method,analytic hierarchy process,and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method are most commonly used in evaluating the safety of expressways.The accident statistics method can objectively be used to evaluate the safety,but it is dependent on the accuracy of accident statistics;the analytic hierarchy process can be used to develop safety evaluation indexes,but the weights associated to the indexes are often subjectively determined,which often makes the results useless;the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method relies on the selection of the affiliation function to ensure a good accuracy of the evaluation of the level of safety,which places high requirements on the knowledge of the user.④The evaluation criteria of coordination and continuity of

关 键 词：高速公路 匝道出入口 变速车道 安全性评价 运行速度 

分 类 号：U412.352[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]