海南省2018—2021年市售贝类中麻痹性贝类毒素污染状况分析  

Analysis of the pollution status of paralytic shellfish poisons in shellfish sold in Hainan Province,2018-2021

作　　者：黎承[1] 肖文琳 叶海湄[1] 赖宣丞 石慧 何昌华[1] LI Cheng;XIAO Wen-lin;YE Hai-mei;LAI Xuan-cheng;SHI Hui;HE Chang-hua(Hainan Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Haikou,Hainan 570203,China)

机构地区：[1]海南省疾病预防控制中心,海南海口570203

出　　处：《中国热带医学》2023年第5期484-488,共5页China Tropical Medicine

基　　金：海南省自然科学基金项目(No.820MS156)。

摘　　要：目的 对海南省2018—2021年市售贝类进行麻痹性贝类毒素(paralytic shellfish poisoning, PSP)检测,以此了解海南省市售贝类中麻痹性贝类毒素污染状况。方法 对2018—2021年海南省13个市(县)常售7种贝类中10种PSP:石房蛤毒素(saxitoxin, STX)、新石房蛤毒素(neosaxitoxin, neoSTX)、漆沟藻毒素1(gonyautoxins 1, GTX1)、漆沟藻毒素2(gonyautoxins 2, GTX2)、漆沟藻毒素3(gonyautoxins 3, GTX3)、漆沟藻毒素4(gonyautoxins 4, GTX4)、漆沟藻毒素5(gonyautoxins 5, GTX5)、脱氧甲酰基类石房蛤毒素(decarbamoylsaxitoxin, dcSTX)、脱氧藤沟藻毒素2(decarbamoylgonyau toxins 2, dcGTX2)、脱氧藤沟藻毒素3(decarbamoylgonyau toxins 3, dcGTX3)的含量进行分析。结果 360份贝类中PSP检出率为10.3%。其中STX检出率最高为5.83%;其次为GTX2检出率为4.17%;neoSTX和GTX3检出率均为1.67%;GTX1检出率为1.39%;GTX4、GTX5、dcSTX、dcGTX2和dcGTX3这5种PSP均未检出。扇贝检出PSP种类有4种,牡蛎、贻贝和蚶均检出2种,带子仅检出1种,蛤和蛏未检出PSP。扇贝单份样本最多检出PSP为4种,牡蛎、带子、贻贝和蚶单份样本最多检出PSP均为1种。所有样本测定PSP的当量为未检出~155.6μg/kg,此次检测样本均未超标。PSP年检出率由高到低为:2020年20.0%,2019年15.6%,2018年5.3%,2021年2.0%。2018—2020年可连续检测到STX,2018年全部为STX,2019年除了在扇贝和蚶中检测到STX外,还分别从牡蛎、贻贝和蚶中检测到neoSTX。2020年,仅从扇贝中检出PSP,阳性标本中均可检出GTX2,同时混检出5份STX、5份GTX1、6份GTX3。2021年仅从扇贝中检测到GTX2。12个市(县)市售贝类检出STX,10个市(县)检出GTX2,5个市(县)检出neoSTX,GTX1和GTX2分别在4个市(县)有检出。文昌和陵水市售贝类检出5种类型PSP。结论 海南省市售部分贝类存在某种PSP污染风险,应加强市售贝类PSP的监管。Objective To investigate the pollution of paralytic shellfish poisons(PSP)in shellfish sold in Hainan Province from 2018 to 2021.Methods From 2018 to 2021,the content of 10 paralytic shellfish poisons including saxitoxin(STX),neosaxitoxin(neoSTX),gonyautoxins 1(GTX1),gonyautoxins 2(GTX2),gonyautoxins 3(GTX3),gonyautoxins 4(GTX4),gonyautoxins 5(GTX5),decarbamoylsaxitoxin(dcSTX),decarbamoylgonyau toxins 2(dcGTX2)and decarbamoylgonyau toxins 3(dcGTX3)in 7 kinds of shellfish commonly sold in 13 cities and counties in Hainan province was analyzed.Results The detection rate of PSP in 360 shellfish samples was 10.3%.Among them,the highest detection rate of STX was 5.83%,followed by GTX2 detection rate of 4.17%;the detection rate of neoSTX and GTX3 were both 1.67%;the detection rate of GTX1 was 1.39%.None of the five PSP,GTX4,GTX5,dcSTX,dcGTX2 and dcGTX3,were detected.Four types of PSP were detected in fanscallops,two were detected in oysters,mussels and Scapharca subcrenata,only one was detected in scallops,and no toxin contamination was detected in clams and razor clams.A single sample of fanscallops detected a maximum of 4 PSP,and a single sample of oysters,scallops,mussels and Scapharca subcrenata detected a maximum of 1 PSP.The equivalence of PSP in all samples was ND-155.6μg/kg.The annual detection rate of PSP from high to low was:20.0%in 2020,15.6%in 2019,5.3%in 2018,and 2.0%in 2021,and none of the samples tested exceeded the standard.Continuously detectable STX in 2018-2020,all PSP that could be detected in 2018 were STX.In 2019,in addition to STX detected in scallops and Scapharca subcrenata,neoSTX was also detected in oysters,mussels and Scapharca subcrenata.In 2020,PSP was only detected from scallops,and GTX2 could be detected in all positive specimens,while 5 STX,5 GTX1 and 6 GTX3 were detected.Only GTX2 detected from scallops in 2021.STX was detected in shellfish sold in 12 cities and counties,GTX2 can be detected in 10 cities and counties,neoSTX can be detected in 5 cities and counties,GTX1 and GTX2 were d

关 键 词：贝类 贝类毒素 麻痹性 检测 

分 类 号：R155.5[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]