熟读以活——朱子读书法及其文学思想史意义  

Activating the Text through Familiar Reading:Zhu Zi's Reading Method and Its Significance in the History of Literary Thought

作　　者：郭庆财[1] Guo Qingcai

机构地区：[1]山西师范大学文学院,山西太原030031

出　　处：《南开学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第2期159-168,共10页Nankai Journal:Philosophy,Literature and Social Science Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目(22BZW078)。

摘　　要：朱子读书法以切己修德为宗旨,以“熟读”为总纲,包括对文本的义、理、味的逐层把握,是文本“活化”的过程;与之相应,读者的心灵大抵经历了由整齐严肃到从容宽闲的变化,包含了一种活泼泼的审美体验。从具体的读法来说,讽咏法之于诗歌、观血脉法之于散文,都是“熟读以活”的具体运用,也有利于揭示诗文的美学特质。从文学思想史来看,朱子读书法所含的穷理功夫和体贴情怀,体现了文学思想史中少有的理性精神和生命化的文学观念。朱子后学虽然奉此读书法为圭臬,但并没有向文学领域过多拓展,其学理价值有待于今天的文学思想史研究者继续关注。Zhu Zi's(朱子)method of reading was based on the purpose of cultivating virtues,and took“familiar reading"as the general outline,including grasping the meaning,principle,and essence of the text layer by layer,which fabricated a process of"activating"the text.Correspondingly,the mentality of readers almost experienced the change from orderliness and seriousness to easiness and leniency,which included a vivid aesthetic experience.The way of sar-castically reading poetry and the method of reading prose as a circulatory system were both specific applications of"acti-vating the text through familiar reading".From the perspective of literary thought history,the capability of exploring principles and consideration for emotions implied the Zhu Zi's reading method.From the perspective of literary thought history,the capability of exploring principles and consideration for emotions implied in the Zhu Zi's reading method ex-hibited rationalities and vitalized literary conceptions,which are now seldomly expressed.Although the followers of Zhu Zi took this method as a criterion,it has not extended to other literary fields.Those scholars who study the history of lit-erary thought should continue to appreciate the academic values of this reading method.

关 键 词：读书法 活法 讽咏 血脉 

分 类 号：I206.2[文学—中国文学] G792[文化科学—教育学]