基于机器视觉的双圆盘式棉花打顶装置设计与试验  

Design and Experiment of Double Disc Cotton Topping Device Based on Machine Vision

作　　者：韩长杰 燕长辉 仇世龙 徐阳 胡斌[2] 毛罕平 HAN Changjie;YAN Changhui;QIU Shilong;XU Yang;HU Bin;MAO Hanping(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Shihezi University,Shihezi 832003,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学机电工程学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]石河子大学机械电气工程学院,石河子832003

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2023年第5期36-46,共11页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD2002401);新疆维吾尔自治区天山创新团队项目(2021D14010)。

摘　　要：为降低人工打顶的劳动强度,减少化学打顶的环境污染,改善“一刀切”式打顶机构的过打顶情况,通过分析手工打顶过程,设计了一种双圆盘式打顶机构,并基于机器视觉,设计打顶装置单行样机,实现棉花打顶的全程自动化控制。该装置主要由打顶机构、视觉检测机构、运动机构和棉花顶尖识别及控制系统组成。基于棉田调研、结构计算和预试验,确定了打顶装置的整体结构和关键部件尺寸。结合视觉识别研究基础与实际应用,选用YOLO v3算法搭建棉花顶尖识别及控制系统,实现棉花顶尖的识别定位,完成打顶机构的运动控制。以打顶期棉花为研究对象,进行棉花顶尖识别试验、打顶机构性能试验和田间试验,结果表明:棉花顶尖识别试验平均识别率为93%;打顶机构性能试验平均打顶率为94.67%;田间试验平均识别率为85.33%,平均打顶率为78.22%。研究结果可为棉花精准化与智能化打顶的研究提供参考。In order to reduce the labor intensity of manual topping,the environmental pollution of chemical topping and the over-topping of the traditional“one-size-fits-all”topping mechanism,a double disc clamping topping mechanism was designed by analyzing the manual topping process.Based on machine vision,a single-line prototype of the topping device was designed to realize the automatic control of the whole process of cotton topping.It was mainly composed of topping mechanism,visual inspection mechanism,motion mechanism,cotton top recognition and control system.Based on cotton field research,structural calculation and pre-test,the overall structure and key component dimensions of the topping device were determined.Combined with the research basic and practical application of visual recognition,the YOLO v3 algorithm was selected to build the cotton top recognition and control system,realize the recognition and positioning of cotton top,and complete the motion control of the topping mechanism.Taking cotton in the topping stage as the research object,the cotton top recognition test,the topping mechanism performance test and the field comprehensive test were carried out.The results showed that the average recognition rate of cotton top recognition test was 93%;the average topping rate of the performance test of the topping mechanism was 94.67%;the average recognition rate and average topping rate in the field test was 85.33%,and the average topping rate was 78.22%.The research result can provide reference for the precise and intelligent research of cotton topping.

关 键 词：棉花打顶 双圆盘 机器视觉 YOLO v3 识别定位 运动控制 

分 类 号：S224.9[农业科学—农业机械化工程]