考虑弹性轮对的车辆-轨道耦合动力学建模及减振特性研究  

Study on Dynamic Modeling and Damping Characteristics of Vehicle-track Coupling Considering Resilient Wheelset

作　　者：王佳诺 王奇 韩健 肖新标[1] 金学松[1] WANG Jianuo;WANG Qi;HAN Jian;XIAO Xinbiao;JIN Xuesong(State Key Laboratory of Traction Power,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031;School of Mechanical Engineering,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031)

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学牵引动力国家重点实验室,成都610031 [2]西南交通大学机械工程学院,成都610031

出　　处：《机械工程学报》2023年第8期235-244,共10页Journal of Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52002340,U1934203);四川省科技计划(2020YJ0076);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(2682020CX35);中国博士后科学基金(2020M673280)资助项目。

摘　　要：弹性轮对作为一种减振降噪的轮对结构,通常用于有轨电车这类对振动噪声有较高要求的轨道交通系统。由于弹性轮对结构复杂,因此建立理想的动力学模型成为研究弹性轮对的重点和难点。建立弹性轮对车辆-轨道空间耦合动力学模型,将弹性轮对解耦为轮芯、左轮辋和右轮辋3部分,每部分均考虑6自由度,轮芯与轮辋间通过橡胶层连接。轨道系统被考虑为钢轨-轨道板-路基的多层结构,钢轨采用Timoshenko梁模拟。对比分析弹性轮对车辆和普通轮对车辆在随机谱和冲击条件下的动力学和减振特性,分析轮辋载荷特性,调查橡胶层等效刚度对轮轨力和轴箱加速度的影响。结果表明:弹性轮对的动力学和减振性能均优于普通轮对;轮轨力、轴箱加速度与橡胶层等效刚度呈现明显的非线性。该模型和相关结论为弹性轮对的建模和优化提供理论参考。As a kind of wheelset structure to reduce vibration and noise,resilient wheelset is usually used in rail transit systems such as trams,which have high requirements for vibration and noise.Because of the complex structure of the resilient wheelset,the establishment of an ideal dynamic model has become the focus and difficulty in the study of the resilient wheelset.The vehicle-track spatial coupling dynamic model of the resilient wheelset is established,and the resilient wheelset is decoupled into three parts:the wheel core,the left rim and the right rim,each of which considers 6 degrees of freedom,and the core and rims are connected by a rubber layer.The track system is considered as a multi-layer structure of rail-slab-roadbed,and the rail is simulated by Timoshenko beam.The dynamics and damping characteristics of resilient wheelset vehicle and ordinary wheelset vehicle under random spectrum and impact conditions are compared and analyzed,the load characteristics of rims are analyzed,and the influence of equivalent stiffness of rubber layer on wheel-rail force and axle box acceleration is investigated.The results show that the dynamic and damping performance of the resilient wheelset is better than that of the ordinary wheelset,and the wheel-rail force,axle box acceleration and the equivalent stiffness of the rubber layer are obviously nonlinear.The model and related conclusions established provide theoretical reference for the modeling and optimization of resilient wheelsets.

关 键 词：弹性轮对 车辆-轨道耦合动力学 动力学性能 

分 类 号：U260[机械工程—车辆工程]