家庭社会经济地位与学生科学成绩的关系——科学认知信念和科学自我效能感的作用  

The Relationship between Family Socioeconomic Status and Students'Achievements in Science:The Role of Scientific Epistemological Beliefs and Scientific Self-efficacy

作　　者：海春生 彭艺博 张玮玮 朱莉琪[1,2] Hai Chunsheng;Peng Yibo;Zhang Weiwei;Zhu Liqi(CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Sciences,Institute of Psychology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101;Department of Psychology,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院行为科学重点实验室,中国科学院心理研究所,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学心理学系,北京100049

出　　处：《科普研究》2023年第2期100-109,116,共11页Studies on Science Popularization

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“文化比较视域下中西思维方式差异性研究”(19ZDA021)。

摘　　要：青少年科学素质提升行动是全民科学素质建设的重要内容。本研究采用学生能力国际评价项目的部分公开科学试题测量学生科学成绩,并将其作为学生科学素质指标,考察了651名中学生(16.17±0.54岁)的科学认知信念和科学自我效能感在家庭社会经济地位影响学生科学成绩中的链式中介作用。结果显示:(1)家庭社会经济地位、科学认知信念、科学自我效能感、学生科学成绩相互之间正相关;(2)家庭社会经济地位分别正向影响科学认知信念和科学自我效能感;(3)科学认知信念和科学自我效能感在家庭社会经济地位影响学生科学成绩中具有链式中介作用。研究提示,可以通过提升科学认知信念和科学自我效能感促进社会经济状况弱势学生科学成绩和科学素质的提高。The action to improve teenagers'scientific literacy is an important part of the whole nation's scientific literacy construction.This study investigated the chain mediating effect of scientific epistemological beliefs and scientific self-efficacy on the relationship between family socioeconomic status(SES)and students'achievements in science.Using a questionnaire adapted from the Program for International Student Assessment(PISA),we evaluated middle school students'achievements in science and relevant characteristics(N=651,16.17±0.54 years old).We know that the students'achievements in science are also used as an indicator of students'scientific literacy.The results showed that:(1)family SES,scientific epistemological beliefs,scientific self-efficacy and students'achievements in science were positively correlated with each other;(2)family SES positively affect scientific epistemological beliefs and scientific self-efficacy respectively;(3)scientific epistemological beliefs and scientific self-efficacy have a chain mediating effect on the relationship between family SES and students'achievements in science.These results suggested that improving the scientific literacy of disadvantaged students can be promoted by enhancing scientific epistemological beliefs and self-efficacy.

关 键 词：家庭社会经济地位 科学成绩 科学认知信念 科学自我效能感 链式中介效应 

分 类 号：B844[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学] N4[哲学宗教—心理学]