情绪的时间不对称性及其与道德判断和价值评估的关系  

Temporal Emotion Asymmetry and its Relationship with Moral Judgment and Value Evaluation

作　　者：谢如月 金磊 郝海平 杜刚 李小保 吕厚超 Xie Ruyue;Jin Lei;Hao Haiping;Du Gang;Li Xiaobao;Lyu Houchao(Faculty of Psychology,Time Psychology Research Center,Southwest University,Chongqing,400715)

机构地区：[1]西南大学心理学部,时间心理学研究中心,重庆400715

出　　处：《心理科学》2023年第3期530-537,共8页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：重庆市社会科学规划重点项目(2021NDZD09);重庆市教育科学“十四五”规划课题重点项目(2021-GX-003)的资助。

摘　　要：情绪的时间不对称性是指相较于回顾过去,个体在预期未来时情绪体验更强烈、唤醒度更高的现象。这一现象普遍存在于不同性质和效价的事件中,并在6岁至成年个体身上表现出跨年龄的稳定性。与过去相比,未来更近的心理距离、更生动的心理模拟和更大的不确定性可能是情绪的时间不对称性形成的机制。另外,情绪的时间不对称性作为一种面向未来的情绪反应偏向,会导致个体对未来的道德判断和价值评估更为极端。未来研究可从时间导向、特殊群体和国家与自我视角等角度进一步考察情绪的时间不对称性,以增进人们对未来偏向的认识和了解。Mental time travel refers to one’s cognitive ability to mentally project themselves backwards in time to re-live,or forwards to pre-live events.There is growing interest in mental time travel in cognitive psychology,neuroscience,evolutionary psychology,comparative psychology,and developmental psychology.Although this body of research has sometimes emphasized the similarity of past and future mental time travel,the literature on mind-wandering also has suggested that adults usually spend more time thinking about the future than the past.In line with the idea that people are typically more concerned about the future than the past,a small but growing body of research in social psychology has demonstrated that adults show a series of past-future asymmetries in their judgments and attitudes that suggest that they are future-biased.For example,adults tend to report feeling stronger emotionally when thinking about a future event compared to a similar past event,which is true for events of both positive and negative valence.This difference in the level of emotions people report when thinking about past versus future events was referred as temporal emotion asymmetry(TEA).Previous studies found that temporal emotion asymmetry appears to be present in children as young as 6 years old.Once established,the size of the temporal emotion asymmetry effect tends to remain stable across ages and scenarios.The present study explains temporal emotion asymmetry from the perspectives of mental simulation and psychological distance.First,temporal emotion asymmetry may be associated with a more extensive mental simulation of future events than past events.Previous studies found that mental simulation can amplify emotion.Besides,compared to simulating past events,people who simulate future events are typically based primarily on focal aspects of events to the neglect of more peripheral event features or aspects of the event context that might moderate affective impact,and this can systematically lead to overestimations of the affective

关 键 词：时间不对称性 情绪 心理距离 心理模拟 道德判断 价值评估 

分 类 号：B842.6[哲学宗教—基础心理学]