竹屑替代木屑栽培毛木耳的可行性及其品质综合评价  

Feasibility of Auricularia cornea cultivation with bamboo sawdust instead of wood sawdust and comprehensive evaluation of quality

作　　者：叶雷 张波 杨学圳 李小林 张小平 谭伟 YE Lei;ZHANG Bo;YANG Xuezhen;LI Xiaolin;ZHANG Xiaoping;TAN Wei(Sichuan Institute of Edible Fungi,Chengdu 610066,China;College of Resources,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省食用菌研究所,四川成都610066 [2]四川农业大学资源学院,四川成都611130

出　　处：《浙江农业学报》2023年第6期1416-1426,共11页Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-20);四川省食用菌创新团队项目(SCCXTD-2023-07)。

摘　　要：为评价竹屑用作毛木耳栽培代料的可行性,设计4个替代比例栽培毛木耳,以原配方为对照(CK),开展试验,对菌棒发菌、出耳单产、耳片性状,以及子实体营养成分和氨基酸组成等进行测定,并采用主成分分析、聚类热图分析、方差分析和氨基酸比值系数法等综合评价竹屑替代对毛木耳的影响。结果显示,用8%竹屑替代CK中相同比例的木屑进行毛木耳生产是可行的。用竹屑部分替代木屑,可显著(P<0.05)提高毛木耳子实体的氨基酸、灰分和蛋白质含量,显著降低粗纤维含量,且8%~16%的竹屑替代木屑还能显著提高子实体的粗多糖含量。从各处理(含CK)的毛木耳子实体中均检测到17种氨基酸,包括7种必需氨基酸,其必需氨基酸含量高于FAO(联合国粮食及农业组织)/WHO(世界卫生组织)模式谱,低于全鸡蛋模式谱,赖氨酸为第一限制性氨基酸。各处理下,干耳的铅、镉含量均符合相应的国家食品安全标准。综上,用8%的竹屑等量替代木屑不仅可用于毛木耳栽培,还能促进子实体的氨基酸积累,提高子实体的鲜味和蛋白营养。In order to evaluate the feasibility of bamboo sawdust in cultivation medium of Auricularia cornea,an experiment was carried out.Four treatments with different substitution proportions of bamboo sawdust instead of wood sawdust were set,as well as the original formula as the control.The mycelium growth,yield,agronomic characteristics and amino acid composition of fruiting bodies were determined.Principal component analysis(PCA),cluster heat map,analysis of variance(ANOVA),and amino acid coefficient method were used to comprehensively evaluate the effect of different treatments on artificial cultivation of A.cornea.It was shown that replacing 8%wood sawdust with bamboo sawdust worked for the cultivation of A.cornea.Substitution of wood sawdust in the medium with bamboo sawdust could significantly(P<0.05)increase the contents of amino acid,ash,and protein in fruiting bodies,and reduce crude fiber content.Besides,when the substitution proportion was 8%to 16%,it could significantly increase the crude polysaccharides content in the fruit bodies.The fruiting bodies obtained from 5 treatments all contained 17 amino acids,of which 7 were essential.The content of essential amino acids in fruiting bodies under the experiment was higher than that of FAO(Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations)/WHO(World Health Organization)model,yet lower than that of whole egg model.Lysine was the first limiting amino acid among all the essential amino acids.The lead(Pb)and cadmium(Cd)content of fruiting bodies under all the treatments complied with national food safety standards.In conclusion,cultivation of A.cornea with 8%bamboo sawdust instead of wood sawdust was feasible,and it could promote the accumulation of amino acids,improve the taste,and the nutritional value of protein.

关 键 词：毛木耳 竹屑 主成分分析 产量 营养成分 氨基酸评价 

分 类 号：S39[农业科学—农艺学] S646.6