从自由到法权:对康德反殖民立场的论证  

From Freedom to Rights:An Argument for Kant’s Anti-Colonial Position

作　　者：陈高华[1] 韩宇伟 Chen Gaohua;Han Yuwei

机构地区：[1]大连理工大学哲学系

出　　处：《政治思想史》2023年第2期104-121,199,共19页Journal of the History of Political Thought

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费资助“阿伦特的政治人文主义及其当代意义研究”(项目编号:DUT21RW201)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：自由和法权理论是理解康德反殖民主义立场的关键所在,其中透露着他对人类的普遍关怀,为批判性地看待殖民主义提供了一个独特视角。康德把自由视为启蒙的唯一条件,而个体思想层面的自由在公共性原则下转化为公共意志的政治实践,这既肯定了人的尊严与价值,又为构建普遍的法权状态准备了条件。法权保障了每一国家及其人民的独立人格,从而揭示了殖民主义的不合法性。因此,普遍法治的公民社会从根本上消除了一切战争,引导人类历史走向永久和平的王国,为解决殖民问题提供了一条非暴力的、渐进发展的路径。Kant underwent a major shift in his view of European colonization.In the pre-critical period,Kant showed racist tendencies based on his studies of geography and race,and supported European expansion.But then he abandoned his preconceptions and became a strong critic of colonialism.The theory of freedom and legal right is the key to understand his anti-colonialism position,which reveals Kant’s universal concern for human beings,and provides a unique perspective to critically view colonialism.Kant regarded freedom as the only condition of enlightenment,and the freedom at the level of individual thought was transformed into the political practice of public will under the principle of publicity,which not only affirmed the dignity and value of human beings,but also prepared the conditions for the construction of universal legal power state.Legal power guarantees the independent personality of each nation and its people,thus revealing the illegitimacy of colonialism.The civil society of universal rule of law fundamentally eliminates all wars,guides human history to the kingdom of permanent peace,and provides a non-violent and gradual development path to solve the colonial problem.

关 键 词：康德 殖民主义 永久和平 

分 类 号：B516.31[哲学宗教—外国哲学] D091[政治法律—政治学]