《四库全书总目》纠弹“以诗法解《诗经》”发微——兼及经典与时代的互动关系  

Research on the Criticisms of Siku Quanshu Zongmu for Viewing Shijing Under the Frame of Ordinary Poetry:Along With the Interaction Between Classics and the Times

作　　者：辛智慧 XIN Zhi-hui

机构地区：[1]山东大学儒家文明省部共建协同创新中心

出　　处：《北京社会科学》2023年第6期68-77,共10页Social Sciences of Beijing

摘　　要：《四库全书总目》对晚明士人“以诗法解《诗经》”的风气严加痛斥,认为不过是簸弄聪明,终将变圣经为小品。馆臣对原本奠定天人秩序的“诗教”大义,包括讲筵启沃、引经筹今等经世内涵,均自有体会,但却因乾隆朝的政治环境而不敢正面发扬,只能抑之为“在经解中为别体”,转而在经学史梳理和考据实学上用力。民国已还,五四学人群趋以文学歌谣来认定《诗经》,仿佛晚明士人的异代知音,《诗经》最终也从一本确立价值规范的“经”典,变成吟咏性情的“歌谣”,诗教大义随之沦灭。然而可惜的是,五四学人的这些举措,并没有深入彼时社会的有机体之中,其本质是以一种否定性的目光看待自我,最终错过了从自身发现生机并有效落实他们所倡导价值的契机。The Siku Quanshu Zongmu criticized the late Ming scholars􀆳trend for viewing Shijing under the frame of ordinary poetry,and took it as nothing more than a clever attempt to turn the Classic into an ordinary work.However,due to the political environment of the Qianlong dynasty,the ministers who edited the Siku Quanshu Zongmu did not dare to promote the“Confucian poetic creed”that originally laid down the order of heaven and human,including educating the emperor and using historical event to discuss present problems,and only suppressed it as“another way”of reading Shijing.Since the establishment of the Republic of China,the May Fourth group of scholars have tended to identify the Shijing with literary ballad,while refusing to treat it as Confucian classics,as if they are the confidants of late Ming scholars,and therefore Shijing ultimately transformed from a“classic”that established values and norms to a“ballad”that recited emotions,and the Confucian poetic creed was subsequently disappeared.Unfortunately,these measures taken by the May Fourth scholars did not penetrate into the organisms of the society at that time,they essentially view society with a negative perspective,and ultimately missing the opportunity to discover vitality from the society and to effectively implement the values they advocated.

关 键 词：《四库全书总目》 《诗经》 《古史辨》 诗教 歌谣总集 

分 类 号：I222.2[文学—中国文学]