早期刻经、写经的文本流变及其语言文字学价值  

The Textual Evolution of Early Scripture Engraving and Writing and Its Linguistic and Philological Value

作　　者：刘征 郑振峰[2] LIU Zheng;ZHENG Zhen-feng(School of Culture and Communication,Hebei University of Economics and Trade,Shijiazhuang,Hebei,050061;School of Literature,Hebei Normal University,Shijiazhuang,Hebei,050024)

机构地区：[1]河北经贸大学文化与传播学院,河北石家庄050061 [2]河北师范大学文学院,河北石家庄050024

出　　处：《深圳大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2023年第3期35-42,共8页Journal of Shenzhen University：Humanities & Social Sciences

基　　金：2021年河北省哲学社会科学基金项目“河北地区六朝石刻文献异文整理与文字研究”(HB21YY016)。

摘　　要：我国刻经活动始于北朝时期,主要集中在邺都近畿,至隋唐时期敦煌写经、房山石经大量涌现。对比早期刻经、写经与刻版大藏经《大正藏》可见,早期刻经、写经呈现语句简单、用词朴素、借字繁多的基本样貌,北朝邺都近畿刻经更是展现出使用古字的特点。佛经在后世发展中呈现以增加、改换字词为主的语言演变,所改换的字词多以近义词为主,少有增减语句、省减字词的现象,偶见错漏之处;同时音译词的差异佐证了中古语音的变化;在经文传抄演变中多将借字改为本字,部分借字保持原貌显示了佛经抄写的相承性。对早期刻经与各版本《大正藏》差异及相合情况的量化分析进一步表明,《大正藏》通行本与早期刻经的不同之处多能在其他版本《大正藏》中得到体现。总之,早期刻经、写经二者多相吻合,推进了对佛经翻译原貌的揭示;早期刻经、写经能够补正传世佛经,两者互相印证,是对“二重证据法”的充分实践。早期刻经、写经在文献学、版本学、语言文字学等方面均具有不可替代的学术价值。The activities of carving scriptures in China began during the Northern Dynasty,mainly concentrated in the area of Ye capital.During the Sui and Tang dynasties,a large number of Dunhuang scriptures and Fangshan stone scriptures emerged.The following findings can be obtained from the comparison of the Northern Dynasty scriptures and the engraved Tripitaka.In the early days,the carving and writing of scriptures presented a basic appearance of simple sentences,simple wording,and a variety of borrowed characters,while the carving of the Ye capital in the Northern Dynasty showed the characteristics of using ancient characters.In the later development of Buddhist scriptures,there has been a language evolution dominated by adding and changing words.The changed words are mostly synonyms,with few phenomena of adding or subtracting sentences or omitting words.Occasionally,errors and omissions are found;The evolution of transliterated words also supports the changes in medieval phonetics;In the evolution of Buddhist scripture copying,borrowed characters are often changed to original characters,and the phenomenon of some borrowed characters not being changed can be seen as the continuity of Buddhist scripture copying.The quantitative analysis of the differences between the early Buddhist scriptures and the engraved Tripitaka further indicates that differences between early scripture carving and writing,as well as the popular version of the Da Zheng Zang,can often be confirmed in other versions of the Da Zheng Zang,.In a word,early scripture carving and writing are often consistent,thus promoting the disclosure of the original translation of Buddhist scriptures.Early scripture carving and writing can supplement and correct the materials of Buddhist scriptures that have been passed down,and the two mutually confirm each other,which is a sufficient practice of the“dual evidence method”.Early scripture engraving and writing have irreplaceable academic value in philology,edition studies,language and writing studies.

关 键 词：佛经 刻经 北朝 敦煌 大正藏 文本流变 语言文字学 

分 类 号：H03[语言文字—语言学]