白俄罗斯学前视力障碍儿童矫正教育:基于学前特殊教育机构的实践  

Corrective Education for Preschoolers with Visual Impairment in Belarus:Based on the Practice of Preschool Special Education Institutions

作　　者：李静[1] 李想 谢志东[1] LI Jing;LI Xiang;XIE Zhidong(School of Preschool Education,Beijing Institute of Education,Beijing,100009;First Middle School of Acheng District of Harbin City,Heilongjiang Province,Harbin,150300)

机构地区：[1]北京教育学院学前教育学院,北京100009 [2]黑龙江省哈尔滨市阿城区第一中学,哈尔滨150300

出　　处：《中国特殊教育》2023年第5期41-48,共8页Chinese Journal of Special Education

基　　金：北京教育学院2021年科研项目“学前教育质量提升背景下教师融合教育实施能力研究”(项目编号:YX2021-01)阶段性研究成果之一。

摘　　要：发展已逾百年的白俄罗斯特殊儿童矫正教育,其成就一直处于苏维埃联盟国家和独联体国家的领先地位。其中,视力障碍儿童矫正教育发展成就更居于世界前列。文章首先明确白俄罗斯学前视力障碍儿童矫正教育目的和任务,其次阐述学前特殊教育机构中视力障碍教育专家职责及其专业活动,最后重点梳理学前视力障碍特殊教育机构实施的核心课程。通过分析白俄罗斯学前视力障碍特殊教育机构的实践经验发现,白俄罗斯学前视力障碍儿童矫正教育的特点体现在视力障碍教育专家全程护航、康复教育与劳动紧密结合、赋能家庭形成家师合力共同促进儿童成长等方面。Belarusian corrective education for children with special needs,which has been developing for more than a century,has been among the leading ones in the countries of the Soviet Union and the CIS countries.In particular,the development of corrective education for children with visual impairment is among the most successful in the world.This paper firstly explains the purposes and functions of corrective education for preschool children with visual impairment,secondly describes the duties and tasks of specialists in visual impairment education in preschool special education institutions,and finally focuses on the core curriculum implemented in preschool special education institutions for children with visual impairment.The analysis of the practical experience of preschool special education institutions for the visually impaired reveals that the characteristics of corrective education for preschool children with visual impairment in Belarus are reflected in the full escorting of specialists,the close integration of rehabilitation education and labor,and the empowerment of families to form a joint family-teacher partnership for the growth of children.

关 键 词：学前视力障碍儿童 矫正教育 学前特殊教育机构 白俄罗斯 

分 类 号：G761.2[文化科学—特殊教育学]