王阳明“心”思想的澄清  

Clarification of the Thought of Wang Yangming's “Mind” Theory

作　　者：姜宗强[1] 孙文高 JIANG Zong-qiang;SUN Wen-gao(College of Philosophy,Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou,Gansu,730070,PRC)

机构地区：[1]西北师范大学哲学学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《西北师大学报（社会科学版）》2023年第4期45-53,共9页Journal of Northwest Normal University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金西部项目“敦煌哲学研究”(22XZX012)。

摘　　要：王阳明对“心”的认识,受到孔子、孟子、北宋五子以及朱熹、陆象山等关键人物的影响。他把“吾心”纳入宇宙论体系中进行逻辑论证,以此说明“吾心”是世界的来源和组成部分,只有这样理解,方可以透悟“吾心即是宇宙、宇宙即是吾心”,从而理解“心体”这个具有本体论意义的核心概念。如果不从本体论的角度深刻理解“心体”的涵义,我们就无法把握王阳明心性思想的精髓,进而把握“人心和道心”的关系。从认识论的角度厘清人心和道心这两个概念,建构人心和道心在心性学中的中枢地位,以诠释孟子所说的“学问之道无他,求其放心而已矣”。而如果从工夫论的角度阐明“求放心”,则在儒家思想中又具有形而上学的理论意义。依照这样的逻辑理路,本体论与工夫论之间则可相得益彰,宇宙论和认识论就会达到有机统一。Wand Yangming had been greatly influenced by some key figures, such as Confucius, Mencius, five masters in the Earlier Song Dynasty, Zhu Xi and Lu Jiuyuan regarding the meaning of the Mind.We put key phrase “ My Mind” under cosmological system to make logical argumentation, and to explain that “My Mind” is also a source and a component of the world.Only in this way can we completely understand the meaning of “ my mind is universe, and the universe is my mind”.Making sense of mind identity as a core concept has ontological meaning.In the thought of Wang Yanfming's Mind nature, it is necessary to make full sense of real meaning of mind identity in the perspective of ontology and master the essence of Wang Yangming's mind-nature thought appropriately.It is also necessary to understanding the relationship between moral mind and human mind, make clear of human and moral mind, build the core status of human mind and moral mind in the mind-nature aspect, and explain Mencius' saying that “ learning is without anything else, only making it take mind easy.” If we explain “making mind easy” from the perspective of the theory of cultivation, this has also the significance of specific metaphysics in the Confucian thought.In terms of this logical argumentation, we will make ontology and self-cultivation benefit with each other, organically unite between cosmology and epistemology.

关 键 词：心性 道德主体 二重向度 超越论 心自体 

分 类 号：B248.2[哲学宗教—中国哲学]