公办中小学教师法律地位的三重解释及其体系效应  

Triple Interpretation and Systemic Effects of the Legal Status of Public Primary and Secondary School Teachers

作　　者：张海鹏 张新民 ZHANG Haipeng;ZHANG Xinmin(School of Law&Education Legislation Research Base,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学法学院/教育立法研究基地,重庆400715

出　　处：《湖南师范大学教育科学学报》2023年第3期42-50,共9页Journal of Educational Science of Hunan Normal University

基　　金：2020年度国家社科基金青年项目“促进第三次分配背景下非营利法人私法体系构建研究”[20CFX046]。

摘　　要：从法教义学视角分析,新时代的公办中小学教师兼具专业人员、公职人员及特殊劳动者三重身份,但并非国家工作人员或公务员,也未被纳入监察对象。基于此,应形成专业性、劳动性及公职性三重权利义务体系,《教师法》发挥教师专业身份一般法、劳动和公职身份特别法双重功能。同时,构建校内申诉全覆盖,校外由行政申诉与诉讼、劳动仲裁和民事诉讼、教育仲裁分别解决行政、劳动及学术纠纷的权益救济体系。此外,应坚持当前教师管理体制,通过完善相关立法、强化法律适用、落实合同机制促进教师治理。如此才能维持法秩序的融贯统一和公私权益平衡,既契合教师身份契约化国际趋势,也符合事业单位法人化改革方向,是我国公办中小学教师队伍建设的必由之路。From the perspective of legal dogmatics,public primary and secondary school teachers in the new era have a triple identity as professionals,public employees and special workers,but they are neither state workers nor civil servants,nor are they included in the supervision.Based on this,a three-fold system of rights and obligations of professionalism,labor and public service should be formed,and the Teachers Law should play the dual functions of the general law on professional status and the special law on labor and public employees status of teachers.At the same time,a comprehensive school-based appeal system should be established,and administrative appeals and litigation,labor arbitration and civil litigation,and educational arbitration should be used to respectively address administrative,labor,and academic disputes for the protection of teachers’rights and interests.In addition,the current teacher management system should be adhered to,and teacher governance should be promoted by improving relevant legislation,strengthening the application of law,and implementing contract mechanisms.Only in this way,can the integration and unity of the legal order and the balance of public and private rights and interests be maintained,which is not only in line with the international trend of contractualization of teacher identity,but also accords with the direction of reform of public institutions.It is the only way to build the teaching team of public primary and secondary schools in China.

关 键 词：公办中小学 教师法律地位 公职人员 法教义学 

分 类 号：G40-011.8[文化科学—教育学原理]