学生课堂“排队”及其价值引导——基于课堂教学社会学视角的分析  

Students'Class“Queuing”and Its Value Guidance——Analysis from the Perspective of Classroom Teaching Sociology

作　　者：李如密[1] 王夏蕾 Li Rumi;Wang Xialei(Nanjing Normal University)

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学课程与教学研究所

出　　处：《当代教育科学》2023年第6期37-46,共10页Contemporary Education Sciences

摘　　要：学生课堂“排队”可被描述为在特定的课堂时空场域下,当学生的数量超出教学资源的一次性配置量时,不同学生对教学资源的占有存在先后顺序,此时,学生之间在教学资源占有的“多、少、有、无”上也具有明显的排异性。供给有限的外部教学资源作为引发“排队”行为的缘由之一,不再仅仅作为客观化的物质存在,还负载着不可磨灭的社会学意义。根据供给有限的外部教学资源的种类不同,可将学生课堂“排队”划分为以下四种常见类型:为“时间”排队、为“空间”排队、为“教具”排队、为“师资”排队。学生课堂“排队”的负面效应表现为“排队”诉求实现的有限性、“排队”时间的低利用率、“排队”规则建立的规训化、“排队”资源配置的不公平性。其教学价值体现为习得等待行为,促进个体社会化进程;维持教学秩序,促进教学活动自由开展;沉淀自我需求,促进个体最佳表现力展现。对于学生课堂“排队”,教师要创建教学资源,保障“排队”诉求实现的广泛性;形成合理认知,引导学生主动“排队”;明确时间跨度,提高“排队”时间利用率;活用服务规则,保障“排队”价值的实现质量。Students'class"queuing"can be described as the follows:the number of students exceeds the one-time allocation of teaching resources,resulting in the existence of the sequence of students'possession of teaching resources,and there is also an obvious exclusion among students in the"more,less,existence and abssence"of teaching resources.The limited supply of external teaching resources,as one of the causes of students'class"queuing",is no longer just an objectified material existence,but also carries an indelible sociological significance.According to the different types of external teaching resources with limited supply,students'class"queuing"can be divided into the fllowing common types:queuing for"time",for"space",for"teaching aids"and for"teachers"The negative effects of students'class"queuing"are the limited realization of"queuing"demands,the low utilization rate of"queuing"time,the regularization of"queuing"rules,and the unfair allocation of"queuing"resources.Its teaching value is embodied in the acquisition of waiting behavior,in the promotion of the process of individual socialization,in the maintainance of the teaching order and in the promotion of the free development of teaching activities;and also in the precipitation of self needs and in the promotion of the best expression of individuals.For students'"queuing",teachers should create teaching resources to ensure the university of the peals;Form reasonable cognition and guide students to take the initiative to"queue up";Clarify the time span and improve the utilization rate of"queuing"time;Make use of service rules to ensure the quality of realizing the"queuing"values.

关 键 词：学生课堂“排队” 常见类型 负面效应 教学价值 引导艺术 

分 类 号：G424[文化科学—课程与教学论]