周代名学的历史发展及系统观照  

The School of Names in Zhou Dynasty:Historical Development and Systematic Observation

作　　者：祁志祥 QI Zhixiang(Institute of Arts and Humanities,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学人文艺术研究院,上海200240

出　　处：《河北师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第4期45-62,共18页Journal of Hebei Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“先秦思想史:从‘神本’到‘人本’”(项目编号:19FZXB060)。

摘　　要：春秋战国时期是一个礼崩乐坏的时代,也是一个名实相悖、是非混淆的时代,专门探讨名实关系的名家应运而生。名家的代表人物,春秋时期是墨子后学和邓析,战国时期是尹文、惠施、公孙龙和荀子。他们“疾名实之散乱”,建立了“循名责实”“以正名实”的名学,体现了救世情怀、贵智特色和思辨成就,从一个侧面体现了周代理性意识的觉醒。由于公孙龙子已撰文论析过,此文按历时的顺序,系统阐释墨子后学、邓析、尹文、惠施、荀子的名学思想和贡献,希望为人们整体把握周代逻辑学的演变脉络和基本主张、认识周人的理性觉醒提供一份有益的参考。During the Spring and Autumn Period(770 BC–476 BC)and the Warring States Period(475 BC–221 BC),an era of the destruction of the rite system of the Zhou Dynasty(1046 BC⁃256 BC),when the name and the reality contradicted each other and the right and the wrong were confused,the School of Names came into being specializing in the relationship between the name and the reality.The representatives of the School of Names include later Mohists and Deng Xi(邓析)in the Spring and Autumn Period,and Yin Wen(尹文),Hui Shi(惠施),Gongsun Longzi(公孙龙子)and Xunzi(荀子)in the Warring States Period.“Abhorring the confusion between names and facts,”they established the School of Names,“seeking truth from names”and“rectifying truth with name,”which extends a compassion for saving the world,distinctive for honoring wisdom and achievements in intellectual enquiries.All these reflect the awakening of the consciousness of reason in the Zhou Dynasty from one aspect.Since the author has written another paper on Gongsun Longzi,this paper systematically explains the thoughts and contributions of later Mohists,Deng Xi,Yin Wen,Hui Shi and Xunzi in chronological order in the hope of providing a useful reference for a holistic understanding of the evolution and basic ideas of the logic study in the Zhou Dynasty and the reason awakening of the Zhou people.

关 键 词：周代 名学 历史发展 系统观照 

分 类 号：B225[哲学宗教—中国哲学]